nglycolylganglioside gm3 mixture (ammonium salt)

ADU-S100 ammonium salt (ML RR-S2 CDA ammonium salt) is an activator of stimulator of interferon genes (STING). ADU-S100 ammonium salt leads to potent and systemic tumor regression and immunity.

Foxy-5 Ammonium Salt is a WNT5A agonist, a mimetic peptide of WNT5A, a non-classical member of the Wnt family.Foxy-5 Ammonium Salt triggers cytoplasmic free calcium signaling without affecting β-catenin activation and inhibits migration and invasion of epithelial cancer cells.Foxy-5 Foxy-5 Ammonium Salt effectively reduces the metastatic spread of prostate cancer cells with low WNT5A expression in an in situ mouse model.

Glycerol 3-phosphate biscyclohexylammonium salt is an endogenous metabolite produced by cytosolic glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase pathway.

Ceruletide Ammonium Salt is a decapeptide, originating from the skin of tropical frogs, which is a potent cholecystokinin receptor agonist and a safe and effective cholecystokinin receptor agonist with direct spasmodic effects on the gallbladder muscle and bile ducts. Ceruletide Ammonium Salt has sedative activity and has been used in the study of chronic schizophrenia.Ceruletide Ammonium Salt is a decapeptide, originating from the skin of tropical frogs.

Pep 2-8 ammonium salt is Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitor. Potent inhibitor of PCSK9 binding to LDL receptor (IC50 = 0.8 μM). Restores LDL uptake in HepG2 cells treated with PCSK9.

Vaborbactam ammonium salt is a β-lactamase inhibitor that restores carbapenem activity against KPC-producing strains and is often used in conjunction with other drugs to study fungal infections.

SDZ 220-581 Ammonium salt is a potent, orally active and competitive antagonist of NMDA receptor(pKi : 7.7).

N-glycolyl-Ganglioside GM3(NeuGc-GM3) is a form of ganglioside GM3 that contains an N-glycolylated sialic acid (NeuGc).

1-Arachidonoyl lysophosphatidic acid is a phospholipid containing arachidonic acid at the sn-1 position. It has been found in rat brain as 37% of the arachidonic acid-containing lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) species and is a precursor to 1-arachidonoyl glycerol . 1-Arachidonoyl lysophosphatidic acid binds to the LPA2/EDG4 receptor with an EC50 value of approximately 10 nM. It prevents TNF-α and IL-6 secretion in wild-type but not Lpa2-/- dendritic cells stimulated by LPS. It also decreases differentiation of HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells to goblet cells in the presence of sodium butyrate.

Uridine-3'-monophosphate is a nucleoside used in the biochemical synthesis of ribothymidine-3'-phosphate. It has been used as a bioavailable source of uridine in research studies designed to enhance learning and memory.

3'-sulfo Galactosylsphingosine is a form of sulfatide that is lacking the fatty acyl group. It decreases migration and adhesion of B35 neuroblastoma cells and increases cell rounding when used at a concentration of 20 μM. It also inhibits PKC and cytochrome c oxidase activity when used at concentrations of 150 and 50-100 μM, respectively. 3'-sulfo Galactosylsphingosine accumulates in patients with metachromatic leukodystrophy, a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by arylsulfatase A (ASA) deficiency leading to progressive demyelination and neuromotor deficits. In mice lacking ASA, levels of 3'-sulfo galactosylsphingosine increase after one month of age followed by demyelination and neuromotor deficits. 3'-sulfo Galactosylsphingosine has been used as a standard for the quantification of 3'-sulfo galactosylsphingosine by LC-MS.

Taurocholic acid 3-sulfate (TCA3S) is a metabolite of the conjugated bile acid taurocholic acid .1Plasma levels of TCA3S are elevated in wild-type andSortilin 1(Sort1) knockout mice at 6 hours following bile duct ligation (BDL) and are further elevated inSort1knockout mice at 24 hours post-BDL.2 1.Lefebvre, P., Cariou, B., Lien, F., et al.Role of bile acids and bile acid receptors in metabolic regulationPhysiol. Rev.89(1)147-191(2009) 2.Li, J., Woolbright, B.L., Zhao, W., et al.Sortilin 1 loss-of-function protects against cholestatic liver injury by attenuating hepatic bile acid accumulation in bile duct ligated miceToxicol. Sci.161(1)34-47(2018)

CTP Synthetase-IN-1 Ammonium salt is an orally active and potent cytidine 5'-triphosphate synthetase (CTPS) inhibitor with potential antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activity for the study of SARS-CoV-2 viral infections.

3-Cysteinylacetaminophen is an acetaminophen-protein adduct formed during the metabolism of acetaminophen.[1],[2] 3-Cysteinylacetaminophen has been found in isolated human serum following therapeutic and supratherapeutic doses of acetaminophen and in the presence and absence of hepatotoxicity.[3],[4] In mice, 3-cysteinylacetaminophen decreases renal glutathione (GSH) levels, an effect that can be blocked by the γ-glutamyl inhibitor acivicin.

Taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate (TLCA3S) is a metabolite of the conjugated bile acid taurolithocholic acid . TLCA3S has been used to study bile acid transport in cellular models and to induce pancreatitis in mouse models of bile acid infusion pancreatitis.

4-hydroxy-3-Methoxyphenylglycol (piperazine salt) is a metabolite of norepinephrine derived in part by deamination of normetanephrine or by O-methylation of dihydroxyphenylglycol after cellular uptake of either intermediate. It is released into the blood and cerebrospinal fluid and has been used as a biochemical index of recent sympathetic nervous system activity.

The phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) phosphates represent a small percentage of total membrane phospholipids. However, they play a critical role in the generation and transmission of cellular signals. PtdIns-(3,4,5)-P3, also known as PIP3, is resistant to cleavage by PI-specific phospholipase C (PLC). Thus, it is likely to function in signal transduction as a modulator in its own right, rather than as a source of inositol tetraphosphates. PIP3 can serve as an anchor for the binding of signal transduction proteins bearing pleckstrin homology (PH) domains. Protein binding to PIP3 is important for cytoskeletal rearrangement and membrane trafficking. PtdIns-(3,4,5)-P3 (1,2-dihexanoyl) is a synthetic analog of natural PIP3 with C6:0 fatty acids at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions. The compound features the same inositol and diacylglycerol (DAG) stereochemistry as that of the natural compound. The short fatty acid chains of this analog give it different physical properties from naturally-occurring PIP3, including higher solubility in aqueous media.

D-myo-Inositol-4-phosphate (Ins(4)P1) is a member of the inositol phosphate (InsP) molecular family that play critical roles as small, soluble second messengers in the transmission of cellular signals. The most studied InsP, Ins(1,4,5)P3, is a second messenger produced in cells by phospholipase C (PLC)-mediated hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-diphosphate. Binding of Ins(1,4,5)P3 to its receptor on the endoplasmic reticulum results in opening of the calcium channels and an increase in intracellular calcium. Ins(4)P1 can be formed by dephosphorylation of Ins(1,4)P2 by inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase or dephosphorylated to inositol by inositol monophosphatase.

Ganglioside GM2 is a glycosphingolipid component of cellular membranes, primarily the plasma membrane. Levels of ganglioside GM2 are elevated in the brain of patients with Sandhoff disease, as well as feline and mouse models of the disease. Ganglioside GM2 accumulates in the lysosomes of individuals with Tay-Sachs disease and GM2-activator deficiency, as well as in the CNS of patients with and animal models of mucopolysaccharide storage disorders and Niemann-Pick disease types A, C1, and C2. Ganglioside GM2 mixture contains ganglioside GM2 molecular species with C18:1 and C20:1 sphingoid backbones.

Ganglioside GT1b is a trisialoganglioside that is characterized by having two sialic residues linked to the inner galactose unit. It binds to the neurotoxins botulinum toxin serotype A (BTxA), BTxA heavy chain, and tetanus toxin with IC50 values of 11, 0.74, and 7.2 μM, respectively.[1] Ganglioside GT1b-containing liposomes bind to the major coat protein VP1 from Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), which has been identified in Merkel cell carcinomas, identifying ganglioside GT1b as a putative MCPyV receptor. [2] Ganglioside GT1b decreases production of IL-6, IL-10, IgG, IgM, and IgA in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by 31.4, 30.5, 60, 59.5, and 58%, respectively, when used at a concentration of 10 μM [3] . Ganglioside GT1b mixture contains ganglioside GT1b molecular species with C18:1 and C20:1 sphingoid backbones.

Ganglioside GD3 is synthesized by the addition of two sialic acid residues to lactosylceramide and can serve as a precursor to the formation of more complex gangliosides by the action of glycosyl- and sialyltransferases. It induces apoptosis in HuT-78 cutaneous T cell lymphoma cells in a concentration-dependent manner and disrupts the mitochondrial membrane potential when used at a concentration of 200 μM. Expression of ganglioside GD3 in GD3-negative SK-MEL-28-N1 malignant melanoma cells increases both cell proliferation and invasion in vitro. Ganglioside GD3-deficient adult mice exhibit progressive loss of the neural stem cell (NSC) pool and impaired neurogenesis. Ganglioside GD3 mixture contains ganglioside GD3 molecular species with C18:1 and C20:1 sphingoid backbones.

1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE-N-(cap biotin) is a biotinylated phospholipid. It has been used in PEGylated polyamidoamine-dendrimer-conjugated supported lipid bilayers (SLB) to isolate circulating tumor cells and tumor cell microembolis from patient-derived blood by antibody-coated microfluidics. [1] It has also been used as a component of SLBs to detect protein-ligand binding with ortho-conjugated Texas Red DHPE. [2] In addition, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE-N-(cap biotin) has been used in SLBs partitioned into nanowells to create DNA curtains, which can be used as a high-throughput tool for detection of protein-DNA interactions at the single molecule level.[3]

adenosine A2A receptor full agonist

Synthetic and natural alkyl phosphates, also known as phosphoantigens, stimulate the proliferation of γδ-T lymphocytes. Isopentenyl pyrophosphate, and related derivatives including (E)-hydroxy-dimethyl-allyl pyrophosphate ((E)-HDMAPP), are particularly effective activators of γδ-T cells. (E)-C-HDMAPP is the pyrophosphonate form of (E)-HDMAPP. The pyrophosphonate moiety in (E)-C-HDMAPP is much less susceptible to chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis than its pyrophosphate counterpart. As a result, (E)-C-HDMAPP is much more stable in solution and in vascular circulation. (E)-C-HDMAPP possesses comparable activity to (E)-HDMAPP, which is the most potent of the isoprenoid phosphoantigens. (E)-C-HDMAPP stimulates the synthesis of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) by γδ-T lymphocytes with an IC50 value of 0.91 nM. (E)-C-HDMAPP also significantly increases the number of circulating γδ-T cells in vivo, in cynomolgus monkeys.

The inositol phosphates (IPs) are a family of molecules produced by altering the phosphorylation status of each of the six carbons on the cyclic inositol structure. They act as second messengers, regulating a wide array of cellular functions. D-myo-inositol-1,3,4,6-tetraphosphate(Ins(1,3,4,6)-P4) largely acts an intermediate, serving as substrate for inositol-1,3,4,6-tetraphosphate 5-kinase to produce inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentaphosphate, or inositol-1,3,4,6-tetraphosphate 2-kinase to give inositol-1,2,3,4,6-pentaphosphate. These inositol pentaphosphates can be further phosphorylated to produce inositol-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate, or phytic acid, which serves diverse roles in eukaryotic tissues. Ins(1,3,4,6)-P4 is a poor activator of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphospate receptor in vitro. Other functions of this IP remain to be elucidated.

Phosphatidic acid is a phospholipid and an intermediate in glycerolipid biosynthesis. It is a transient intermediate in the synthesis of various phospholipid species that is synthesized de novo in cells via multiple routes, including the glycerol-3 phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate pathways, enzymatic conversion of phosphatidylcholine by phospholipase D, and acetylation of lysophosphatidic acid by lysoPA-acyltransferase, among others. It has roles in shaping cellular membranes, cellular signaling, vesicle fission and fusion, as well as mitochondrial division and fusion. It stimulates respiratory burst in neutrophils independent of diacylglycerol and activates monoacylglycerol acyltransferase, phospholipase C (PLC), Ras, and phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PIP4) kinase in several cell lines. Phosphatidic acids (egg) is a mixture of phosphatidic acids isolated from chicken egg with fatty acids of variable chain lengths.

3',3'-cGAMP sodium salt is a STING agonist. Reduces B cell proliferation and induces apoptosis of malignant B cellsin vitro. Suppresses 5TGM1 multiple myeloma xenograft growth in immunodeficient mice, and induces leukemic regression in Eμ-TCL1 mice.

Ganglioside GD1a is a sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipid found in brain, erythrocytes, bone marrow, testis, spleen, and liver. [1] It can be shed from the surface of tumor cells into the microenvironment where it influences tumor-host cell interactions to promote tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Ganglioside GD1a (20 μM) also increases endothelial cell proliferation. Furthermore, ganglioside GD1a has been shown to act as a functional coreceptor for toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), enabling the recruitment of TLR2 to lipid rafts when bound by a bacterial toxin.[2] Ganglioside GD1a mixture contains ganglioside GD1a molecular species with C18:1 and C20:1 sphingoid backbones.

Ganglioside GM3 is a monosialoganglioside that demonstrates antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in tumor cells by modulating cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. It suppresses angiogenesis and reduces proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) when used at a concentration of 20 μM via inhibition of VEGFR2 and Akt phosphorylation. Ganglioside GM3 induces dissociation of the insulin receptor-caveolin-1 complex from lipid microdomains, functioning as an inhibitor of insulin signaling and contributing to insulin resistance in adipocytes. Ganglioside GM3 mixture contains ganglioside GM3 molecular species with C18:1 and C20:1 fatty acyl chains.

Farnesyl Pyrophosphate ammonium (Farnesyl diphosphate ammonium) is a metabolic intermediate of the MVA pathway that acts as a newly identified danger signal to trigger acute cell death and induce neuronal loss in stroke.

Phenol, 3-methyl-, sodium salt (1:1) is a bioactive chemical.

Defensin HNP-3 is a peptide secreted by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) that has antimicrobial properties. It induces lysis of mammalian cells when used at a concentration of 25 μg/mL. It also inhibits growth of E. faecalis (ED50 = 100 nM) and clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa (MIC90 = 4 μM). HNP-3 binds to recombinant HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (gp120) and human CD4 (Kds = 52.8 and 34.9 nM, respectively). It also binds to recombinant, immobilized human surfactant protein D (SP-D; Kd = 55.7 nM) and inhibits focus formation in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells infected with influenza A virus (IAV).

1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-rac-glycerol sodium salt is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences and the catalog number is T67071.

ADU-S100 (MIW815) enantiomer ammonium salt is the less active enantiomer of ADU-S100. ADU-S100 is an activator of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING).

Estrone-d4 3-Sulfate Sodium Salt is a deuterated compound of Estrone 3-Sulfate Sodium Salt. Estrone 3-Sulfate Sodium Salt has a CAS number of 438-67-5.

2’-Deoxy-5-Fluorouridine 5’-phosphate triethyl ammonium salt is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is TNU1203 and the CAS number is 134-46-3.

Adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate sodium salt is an inhibitor of hydroxysteroid sulfotransferases, which are adenine nucleotides containing a phosphate group at the 3' and 5' positions of the pentose ribose.Adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate (sodium salt) is the product of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfonate (PAPS), a cofactor of sulfotransferases (SULTs). diphosphate disodium is the product of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfonate (PAPS), a cofactor for sulfotransferases (SULTs), which has been used to study the kinetic properties and structure of SULTs.

3-OMFP Cyclohexylammonium salt (OMFP Cyclohexylammonium salt) is a substrate for PTEN inhibition studies and can be used to measure enzyme activity in the catalytic structural domain of CDC25B.

Adenosine 3’-monophosphate is a nucleotide and metabolite formedviahydrolysis of 2’,3’-cAMP by metal-dependent phosphodiesterases.1It reduces proliferation of rat preglomerular vascular smooth muscles cells (PGVSMCs) and glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) in a concentration-dependent manner, an effect that is abolished by the adenosine A2Breceptor antagonist MRS1754.2Adenosine 3’-monophosphate is also a metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of adenosine .

3'Ome-m7GpppAmpG ammonium, a trinucleotide Cap analogue with a locked nucleic acid (LNA) component, demonstrates substantial translational efficiency. It emerges as a promising tool in molecular biology, applicable in mRNA vaccines and transfection processes including protein production, gene therapy, and anti-cancer immunization [1].

Nucleoside Derivatives - Phosphorus-containing nucleotides, Azido-nucleosides, 2’,3’-Dideoxy-nucleosides

3-Hydroxypropionic Acid sodium salt can be used to synthesize some degradable plastics and produce a series of C3 compounds.

1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidic acid (Na+ salt) is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences and the catalog number is T67073.

The phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) phosphates represent a small percentage of total membrane phospholipids. However, they play a critical role in the generation and transmission of cellular signals. PtdIns-(3)-P1 (1,2-dioctanoyl) is a synthetic analog of natural PtdIns featuring C8:0 fatty acids at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions. The compound features the same inositol and DAG stereochemistry as the natural compound. PtdIns-(3)-P1 can be phosphorylated to di- (PtdIns-P2; PIP2) and triphosphates (PtdIns-P3; PIP3) by phosphatidyl inositol (PI)-specific kinases.

1,2-Dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-PG (sodium salt) is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T64559 and the CAS number is 322647-27-8.

Ammonium, (3-(p-triethylammoniophenyl)propyl)triethyl-, diiodide is a bioactive chemical.

Estrone-3-Glucuronide is a metabolite of the primary premenopausal estrogen 17β-estradiol .1,2Urinary levels of estrone-3-Glucuronide peak approximately 36 hours prior to ovulation and have been used as a marker of fertility in women. 1.Blackwell, L.F., Brown, J.B., and Cooke, D.Definition of the potentially fertile period from urinary steroid excretion rates. Part II. A threshold value for pregnanediol glucuronide as a marker for the end of the potentially fertile period in the human menstrual cycleSteroids63(1)5-13(1998) 2.Adlercreutz, H., Brown, J., Collins, W., et al.The measurement of urinary steroid glucuronides as indices of the fertile period in womenJ. Steroid Biochem.17(6)695-702(1982)

Ammonium, (3-(p-trimethylammoniophenyl)propyl)trimethyl-, diiodide is a bioactive chemical.

1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate, sodium salt is a natural product for research related to life sciences and the catalog number is T64571.

Premarin (Estrone 3-sulfate) is an an estrogen sulfate with neuroprotective actions during traumatic brain injury.

Estrone sulfate sodium (17β-Estrone 3-sulfate) is an endogenous steroid and an estrogen ester that is biologically inactive. It is converted by steroid sulfatase into estrone . Estrone sulfate sodium has been investigated as a ligand for targeting organic anion transporting polypeptides f