oleanolic acid 28-o-β-d-glucopyranoside

Oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (Beta-D-glucopyranosyl oleanolate) is a natural product derived from Hedera nepalensis.

D-Glucuronic acid lactone (Dicurone) is a naturally occurring chemical that is an important structural component of nearly all connective tissues. Glucuronolactone is also found in many plant gums.

D-Pantothenic acid hemicalcium salt (Calcium pantothenate), a kind of water soluble vitamin, can reduce the patulin content of the apple juice.

D-(-)-Quinic acid (Kinic acid) is a cellular metal ion chelator, capable of promoting reactions with metal M(II,III) ions under pH-specific conditions. It may possess potent inhibition against alpha-mannosidase and alpha-fucosidase.

Phenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (PHENYL-B-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE) is a component of Phellodendron amurense with anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities.

D-(-)-Mandelic acid ((R)-(-)-Mandelic acid) has the health function of killing sperm, reducing Yin, inhibiting bacteria, anti-inflammation and enhancing vagina self-cleaning.

D-Glucuronic acid is an important intermediate isolated from many gums. It has anti-inflammatory effects on the skin. It and its derivative glucuronolactone act as preventive liver detoxifiers for human health.

3-O-Ethyl-L-ascorbic acid is a cosmetic tyrosinase inhibitor with whitening ability and is a stabilized vitamin C derivative. It also has antioxidant properties.

D-(-)-Tartaric acid (D-Tartaric acid; (S, S)-tartarate; D-threaric acid) is mainly located in the cytoplasm. D-(-)-Tartaric acid can be converted into (2S,3S)-cis-fertaric acid and (2S,3S)-trans-fertaric acid. Outside the human body, it can be found in vinegar. This makes it a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food.

D-(+)-Phenyllactic acid (D-3-Phenyllactic acid), an antibacterial compound produced by Geotrichum candidum, effectively inhibits various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria originating from humans and food products[1].

o-Toluic acid, also 2-methylbenzoic acid, is an aromatic carboxylic acid. It is a human xenobiotic metabolite.

D-Glucaric acid potassium (D-Saccharic acid potassium salt) is a compound formed from oxidizing sugars, which can be used to test for the presence of hepatic enzyme induction. Studies indicate that D-glucuronolactone dehydrogenase oxidizes D-Saccharic acid potassium salt into D-glucaro-l,4;6,3-dilactone. Alternate studies suggest that D-Saccharic acid potassium salt forms a complex with Cu(II) and H2O2to decolorize azo, acridine, triphenyl methane, anthraquinone and thiazine-based dyes.

D-Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) is a water-soluble vitamin ubiquitously found in plants and animal tissues with an antioxidant property. D-Pantothenic acid is a component of coenzyme A (CoA) and a part of the vitamin B2 complex. D-Pantothenic acid is a growth factor and is essential for various metabolic functions, including the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fatty acids. This vitamin is also involved in the synthesis of cholesterol, lipids, neurotransmitters, steroid hormones, and hemoglobin.

D(-)-2-Aminobutyric acid is a substrate of D-amino acid oxidase.

Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (EH-201) is a low MW inducer of erythropoietin. Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside induces expression of erythropoietin, PPAR-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) and haemoglobin in astrocytes and PC12 neuronal-like cells. In vivo, Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside treatment restores memory impairment, as assessed by the passive avoidance test, in SD, Aβ and KA mouse models. In the hippocampus of mice given Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside in their diet, levels of erythropoietin, PGC-1α and haemoglobin were increased. Treatment with Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside might be a therapeutic strategy for memory impairment in neurodegenerative disease, physiological ageing or traumatic brain injury.

Oleanolic Acid (Caryophyllin) is a natural compound with anti-tumor activities, which are widely distributed in plants.

D-Glutamic acid ((R)-Glutamic acid), the enantiomer of L-glutamic acid, is widely used in medicine and food.

D-Glucuronic acid sodium salt monohydrate (Sodium D-glucuronate) is a carboxylic acid that is highly soluble in water. In humans, glucuronic acid often binds to toxic substances to facilitate elimination and to hormones to aid in their transport.

(2S)-1-O-p-coumaroyl-2-O-acetyl-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosylglycerol is a useful research compound for many research applications, including the fields of chemistry and life sciences, among others.

Epipinoresinol-4'-O-β-D-glucoside (Simplocosin) is a glucoside compound[1].

Ellagic acid 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside is a natural product found in the tuberous roots of [Potentilla anserina].

Kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucosyl(1-2)rhamnoside is a natural peoduct isolated from Arabian jasmine

Oroxylin A 7-O-β-d-glucuronide was a new alkaloid which found in the bulbs of Lycoris radiata.

5-O-Cinnamoylquinic acid is a natural product.

(25R)-3β,17α-dihydroxy-5α- spirostan-6-one3-O-α-L- rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β- D-glucopyranoside is a natural product isolated from the bulbs of Lilium brownii var. viridulum.

Eurycomanol 2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, a natural diterpenoid compound, is extracted from Tongkat Ali.

1. Ganoderic acid D is one of the major components in Ganoderma triterpenes. 2. Ganoderic acid D treatment for 48h inhibits the proliferation of HeLa human cervical carcinoma cells with an IC(5) value of 17.3 +/- .3 microM.

D-(-)-Lactic acid sodium (Sodium D-lactate) is an organic acid. It is a chiral molecule, consisting of two optical isomers, L-lactic acid and D-lactic acid, with the L-isomer being the most common in living organisms. D-(-)-Lactic acid sodium also is a microbial metabolite.

DiosMetin 7-O-β-D-Glucuronide, an antioxidant constituent found in the fruits of Luffa cylindrical, supplies antioxidant benefits when sponge gourds are consumed.

(+)-pinoresinol-β-D-glucoside; (+)-pinor is the major active furanoid lignan in Lianxian. It shows antioxidant, hypotensive and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) phosphodiesterase inhibitory activities.

3-O-p-Coumaroylquinic acid, hydroxycinnamic acid derivative, is isolated from a 70% methanolic Crataegus extract (Crataegi folium cum flore).

Kaempferol 3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antinociceptive activities.

Torachrysone-8-O-b-D-glucoside exhibits alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities and may be utilized for managing type 2 diabetes.

4-O-Feruloylquinic acid can be useful for the prevention of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.

Acacetin-7-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside is a natural product found in Chrysanthemum indicum.

3,4-O-Isopropylidene-shikimic acid (3,4-O-Isopropylidene shikimic acid) exhibits significant anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombosis, antioxidant, and analgesic effects, and provides protective benefits against trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced experimental colitis in rats, likely because of its antioxidant properties.

5-O-Caffeoylshikimic acid shows anti-oxidative activity; it also shows anti-inflammatory activity, the underlying mechanism was associated with downregulation of nuclear factor-κB.

Ophiogenin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (Ophiogenin-3-O-alpha-L-rhaMnopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside) is a natural product with significant pharmacological effects on the cardiovascular system.

Hederagenin-28-beta-D-glucopyranoside, a triterpenoid saponin isolated from Ilex cornuta, protects against H2O2-induced damage in cardiomyocytes.

D-Glucosamic acid (2-Amino-2-deoxy-D-gluconic acid) is a useful starting material for the synthesis of aldonic acids.

(+)-Medioresinol Di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside exhibits potent inhibitory activity against cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.

3-O-Methylgallic acid (3,4-Dihydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic acid) reduces cell proliferation in Caco-2 cells (IC50 = 24.1 μM) more effectively than anthocyanins and may offer protection against colon cancer after its formation in the gut. It inhibits transcription factors NF-κB, AP-1, STAT-1, and OCT-1, which are known to be activated in colorectal cancer.

Luteolin-3-O-beta-D-glucuronide effectively inhibits nitrite production in macrophages.

Glycyrrhetic acid 3-O-β-D-glucuronide is a potent sweetener (relative sweetness to sucrose: x 941).

3-O-Acetyl-11-hydroxy-beta-boswellic acid, the precursor of 3-O-acetyl-9,11-dehydro-beta-boswellic acid (a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor),

3-O-Acetyl-16α-hydroxytrametenolic acid exhibits inhibitory activities against AAPH-induced hemolysis of red blood cells and demonstrates strong inhibitory effects on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced inflammation in mice.

Episyringaresinol 4'-O-β-D-glncopyranoside ((-)-Syringaresinol 4-O-β-D-glucopyranosi) inhibits the proliferation of human promyelocytic HL-6 cells through G(1) arrest and induction of apoptosis, and may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for cancer treatment.

Aristolochic Acid D, a derivative of aristolochic acid isolated from the stems of Aristolochia indica, is identified as both a carcinogen and nephrotoxin.

1. 6'-O-beta-D-Glucosylgentiopicroside (6'-O-Glucosylgentiopicroside) may have antifungal activity.

Mycophenolic acid glucuronide is the glucuronide metabolite of mycophenolic acid in human plasma.