orexin a (human, rat, mouse) (tfa)

Endogenous agonist at orexin receptors (Ki values are 20 and 38 nM for OX1 and OX2 receptors respectively). Stimulates feeding following central administration and may be involved in the control of sleep-wake cycle and other hypothalamic functions.

Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Peptide (35-55), mouse, rat (MOG (35-55)) is a truncated peptide derived from the human Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG).

Adropin (34-76) (human, mouse, rat) is a peptide that attenuates liver fibrosis and insulin resistance independent of obesity or food intake.

LEP(116-130)(mouse) is a synthetic leptin peptide fragment.

Orphan GPCR SP9155 agonist P550 (mouse, rat) acetate (Orphan GPCR SP9155 agonist P550 ) is a member of the RFamide peptide family with orexigenic effects.

PACAP-38 (31-38), human, mouse, rat acetate is an activator of PAC1 receptor. PACAP-38 (31-38), human, mouse, rat acetate demonstrates potent, efficacious, and sustained stimulatory effects on sympathetic neuronal NPY and catecholamine production and can

Kisspeptin-10, human TFA is a potent vasoconstrictor and angiogenesis inhibitor. Kisspeptin-10, human TFA acts as a tumor metastasis suppressor via its receptor GPR54. Kisspeptin-10-GPR54 system plays an important role in embryonic kidney development. Kisspeptin-10/GPR54 signaling induces osteoblast differentiation via NFATc4-mediated BMP2 expression

CGRP (83-119), rat TFA (Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide(83-119), rat TFA) is a 37 amino acid calcitonin family of neuropeptide, acts through calcitonin receptor-like receptor.

Neuropeptide SF(mouse,rat) acetate (Neuropeptide SF(mouse,rat) acetate (230960-31-3 free base)) is a potent neuropeptide FF receptor agonist, Ki for NPFF1 and NPFF2 are 48.4 nM and 12.1 nM, respectively. Neuropeptide SF(mouse,rat) acetate (Neuropeptide SF(mouse,rat) acetate (230960-31-3 free base)) increases the amplitude of the sustained current of heterologously expressed acid sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3).

PACAP (6-38), human, ovine, rat acetate is a potent PACAP receptor antagonist with IC50s of 30, 600, and 40 nM for PACAP type I receptor, PACAP type II receptor VIP1, and PACAP type II receptor VIP2, respectively.

Gastrin-Releasing Peptide, human(TFA) is a regulatory human peptide that elicits gastrin release and regulates gastric acid secretion and enteric motor function. The post-ganglionic fibers of the vagus nerve that innervate the G cells of the stomach release GRP, which stimulates the G cells to release gastrin.

Orexin B, rat, mouse Acetate (Rat orexin B) is an endogenous agonist at Orexin receptor with Kis of 420 and 36 nM for OX1 and OX2, respectively.

Cortistatin 14, human, rat acetate is a neuropeptide having structural similarity to somatostatin-14 and shows anticonvulsive, neuroprotective effects and remarkable anti-inflammatory properties. Cortistatin 14, human, rat acetate binds and exerts its fun

Galanin (1-16), mouse, porcine, rat is a hippocampal galanin receptor agonist(Kd = 3 nM) with high biological activity on locus coeruleus neurons.

VIP(6-28)(human, rat, porcine, bovine) acetate is an antagonist of the actions of exogenous vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptor on cAMP in the superior cervical ganglion (SCG).

MCH(human, mouse, rat) is a potent endogenous agonist at melanin-concentration hormone (MCH) receptors (IC50 values are 0.3 and 1.5 nM and EC50 values are 3.9 and 0.1 nM at MCH1 and MCH2 receptors respectively). Increases food intake in vivo.

Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG) peptide (35-55) , mouse, rat acetate is a MOG peptide (35-55) derivative. MOG peptide (35-55) is a part of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) immunogenic peptide and can be used to study immune-related diseases.

PACAP (1-27), human, ovine, rat acetate (PACAP 1-27 acetate) is a novel neuropeptides originally isolated from bovine hypothalamus, also found in humans and rats.

Enterostatin, human, mouse, rat acetate is a pentapeptide mainly formed in the intestine by the cleavage of secreted pancreatic procolipase.

Hemopressin (human, mouse) acetate is a nonapeptide derived from the α1-chain of hemoglobin, is originally isolated from rat brain homogenates. Hemopressin is orally active, selective and inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors. Hemopressin exerts an

PAMP-12(human, porcine) TFA, a significant constituent of immunoreactive (ir)-PAMP, derives from the adrenomedullin precursor and functions as a potent hypotensive peptide involved in cardiovascular regulation [1].

Obestatin(human) TFA, an endogenous peptide originating from the same prepropeptide as ghrelin, is known to suppress food intake and reduce weight gain in rats.

BigLEN(mouse) TFA is a proSAAS-derived neuropeptide and GPR171 agonist that both regulates food intake in mice and inhibits the release of glutamate onto parvocellular neurons of the paraventricular nucleus, a mechanism contingent on postsynaptic G protein activation.

TIP39, a neuropeptide and an agonist for the parathyroid hormone receptor type 2 (PTH2R), effectively increases cAMP levels in COS-7 cells featuring recombinant PTH2R from humans or rats (EC50s = 0.5 and 0.8 nM, respectively), as well as in F-11 cells that naturally express PTH2R (EC50 = 1.15 nM). Furthermore, TIP39 at 1 nM halts the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase and reduces Sox9 expression, a crucial regulator of cartilage differentiation, in CFK2 rat chondrocytes. Additionally, administering 100 pmol/animal of TIP39 reduces the immobility period in the forced swim test in mice, indicating a potential antidepressant effect.

Orexin B, human (TFA) is an endogenous agonist at Orexin receptor with Kis of 420 and 36 nM for OX1 and OX2.

PACAP (1-27) (the N-terminal fragment of PACAP-38) is a novel neuropeptides originally isolated from bovine hypothalamus, also found in humans and rats.

ACTH (3-24) (human, bovine, mouse, ovine, porcine, rabbit, rat), the fragment spanning amino acids 3-24 of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), serves as a research tool in studying a range of illnesses, such as cancer, immune diseases, and cardiovascular disease [1].

MCH (human, mouse, rat) TFA is a potent peptide agonist for MCH receptors, demonstrating strong affinity with binding IC 50 values of 0.3 nM for MCH1R and 1.5 nM for MCH2R. It is notably effective against MCH-2R in a CHO cell line, as evidenced by the mobilization of intracellular calcium measured with FLIPR, revealing functional activation EC 50 values of 3.9 nM for MCH-1R and 0.1 nM for MCH-2R [1].

TNF-α (31-45), human (TFA) is a peptide of tumor necrosis factor-α.

(Met(O)27)-Glucagon (1-29) (human, rat, porcine) is a modified version of glucagon that exhibits the same maximum glucose-synthesizing activity in rat hepatocytes as its native counterpart. However, its reduced potency indicates the importance of methionine in glucagon's attachment to hepatic receptors [1].

PACAP-38 (31-38), human, mouse, rat (TFA) demonstrates potent, efficacious, and sustained stimulatory effects on sympathetic neuronal.

PTH-Related Protein (1-37) (human, mouse, rat) is a peptide analog of parathyroid-hormone-related protein (pTHrP), which plays a role in the physiological regulation of bone formation [1].

Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (40-54), Rat, Mouse (MOG (40-54)) is a self-antigenic epitope associated with the CD8 class of proteins within the MOG protein, presented in conjunction with H-2Db [1].

Brain Natriuretic Peptide-45, rat TFA (BNP-45, rat TFA) is an isoform of rat brain natriuretic peptide extracted from rat heart, exhibiting significant hypotensive and natriuretic effects [1].

Tau protein (592-597), Human (TFA) is a peptide fragment of human Tau protein.

(Asn10,Leu11,D-Trp12)-pTH-Related Protein (7-34) amide (human, mouse, rat) is a potent antagonist of the PTH-1R [1] [2].

Fibrinopeptide A, human is a 16-residue short polypeptide cleaved from fibrinogen by thrombin. Fibrinopeptide A, human locates at the NH2-termini of the Aα chain.The conversion of monomeric fibrinogen into polymeric fibrin is mediated by thrombin, which b

Human LL-37 is a 37 amino acid cationic (6+) peptide and has been widely studied. LL-37 penetrates the bacterial membrane and forms pores in the membrane.

Hemopressin(human, mouse) is a bioactive endogenous peptide substrate for endopeptidase, neurolysin and ACE. Ki values are 27.76, 3.43 and 1.87 μM respectively.

Klotho-derived peptide 1 (KP1) (56-87), a peptide originating from the human Klotho protein, disrupts TGF-β signaling by binding to TGF-β receptor types 1 and 2 (TGFBR1 and TGFBR2; Kds = 1.41 and 14.6 µM, respectively). Preincubation with KP1 at a concentration of 10 µg/ml hinders the TGF-β-induced escalation of fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) levels in NRK-49F rat fibroblasts. Furthermore, in vivo studies reveal that KP1, administered at 1 mg/kg per day, preferentially accumulates in damaged kidneys, leading to significant reductions in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels, indicators of improved kidney function. Additionally, it decreases kidney fibrosis in mouse models of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and unilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury-induced renal fibrosis.

Tyrosinase (192-200), a human mouse nonapeptide, is recognizable by cytolytic T cells (CTL) on the HLA-B44 molecule and is utilized in the research of melanoma-associated cancers [1].

Human PTHrP-(1-34)NH2, also known as PTH-Related Protein (1-34) amide for human, mouse, and rat, is the N-terminal fragment of PTHrP. This peptide induces hypercalcemia and is utilized in the study of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy [1].

Neuromedin S(rat) TFA, a 34-amino acid peptide derivative of rat Neuromedin S, is a neuropeptide sourced from the rat brain that functions as a ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor FM4/TGR-1 [1].

Neuropeptide W-23 (human) (NPW-23) TFA, representing the active form of Neuropeptide W, functions as an endogenous agonist for both NPBW1 (GPR7) and NPBW2 (GPR8) receptors [1].

EILDV (human, bovine, rat) is an active pentapeptide analog with a conserved tripeptide sequence LDV across human, bovine, and rat species, utilized in cell adhesion research [1].

GIP, rat TFA (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide), a 42-amino acid peptide secreted by K cells in the duodenum and jejunum, promotes insulin release from pancreatic beta cells, supports beta cell proliferation, and enhances their survival. This rat-origin bioactive peptide, along with GLP (gastric-like peptide), belongs to the intestinal insulinotropic hormone family and is implicated in lipid homeostasis and potentially in the pathogenesis of obesity. Recent research suggests GIP's multifaceted role in these metabolic processes.

(Asp28)-Glucagon (1-29) (human, rat, porcine) is an analog of glucagon with an aspartic acid (Asp) substitution at position 28, notably enhancing its aqueous solubility at physiological pH levels while retaining glucagon's innate biological activity [1].

Endothelin-3, human, mouse, rabbit, rat , is a cyclic 21 amino acid peptide. It is an endogenous neuropeptide and potent vasoconstrictor.

PTH-Related Protein (7-34) amide (human, mouse, rat) serves as a potent antagonist of parathyroid hormone (PTH) [1].

Osteostatin (1-5) amide (human, bovine, dog, horse, mouse, rabbit, rat), also known as Human PTHrP (107-111) amide, is a C-terminal fragment of parathyroid hormone-related protein that inhibits bone resorption [1] [2].