platycodin d

Platycodin D may stimulate TNF-α synthesis or inhibit degradation of TNF-α mRNA. Platycodin D (10/30 μM) suppresses prostaglandin E2 production in rat peritoneal macrophages stimulated by the protein kinase C activator 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA). Platycodin D and D3 are useful as expectorant agents in the treatment of various airway diseases, they can increase mucin release from rat and hamster tracheal surface epithelial cell culture and also from intact rat trachea upon nebulization.

Deapioplatycodin D and platycodin D can regulate the production and secretion of airway mucin and, at least in part, explains the traditional use of aqueous extract of APG as expectorants in diverse inflammatory pulmonary diseases. Deapi-platycodin D has anti-inflammatory activity.

Platycodin D3 is a NF-κB inhibitor, it could as expectorants in diverse inflammatory pulmonary diseases, it can regulate the production and secretion of airway mucin; it can significantly enhance mitogen- and OVA-induced splenocyte proliferation in the OVA-immunized mice. Platycodin D3 also exerts anti-Hepatitis C virus (HCV) activity.

Platycodin D2 , a less hemolytic saponin, can improve specific cellular and humoral responses to hepatitis B surface antigen in mice, it could be safely used as adjuvant eliciting Th1 and Th2 immune responses. Polygalacin D2 has anti-cancer activity, it e

Deapi-platycodin D3 is a natural product isolate from the root of Platycodon grandiflorum.