quin-2am

Quin-2AM is a fluorescent Ca2+ chelator with a high affinity for calcium.

Rhod-2 AM is a fluorescent probe of the mitochondrion with λex of 552 nm and λem of 581 nm.

Quin-2 is a high-affinity fluorescent calcium indicator (Kd = 115 nM for calcium). It displays high selectivity for calcium, as it is not affected by sodium gradients, membrane potential, or intracellular pH. High affinity probes like quin-2 are ideal for monitoring low levels of calcium, as are found in resting cells. Loadings of up to 2 mM quin-2 are without serious toxic effects, so quin-2 may be used to buffer intracellular calcium transients. Excitation/emission maxima for quin-2 are 339 and 492 nm, respectively.

Fura-2 AM is an indicator of ratiometric fluorescent Ca2+.

Mag-Fura-2 AM, a cell-permeable fluorescent compound, serves as a selective indicator for magnesium ions (Mg2+), demonstrating significant preference for Mg2+ over other bivalent ions including zinc (Zn2+), copper (Cu2+), and calcium (Ca2+). It notably exhibits over 13,000-fold greater selectivity for Mg2+ compared to Ca2+ (Mg2+Kd = 1.9 nM vs. Ca2+Kd = 25 μM). The excitation and emission peak wavelengths are 369 nm and 511 nm, respectively. Further, Mag-Fura-2 AM is utilized as an indirect measure of ATP consumption or production due to its magnesium ion sensitivity.

ING-2 AM is a membrane-permeable fluorescent indicator specifically designed for sodium ions (Na+), exhibiting a binding affinity with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 20 mM. With excitation and emission maxima (λ) at 525 nm and 545 nm respectively, this compound achieves a 20-fold selectivity over potassium ions (K+). It is utilized both in vitro and in situ to monitor real-time sodium influx.