ring-stage

Antimalarial agent 28 (Compound 2i) acts as an antiplasmodial agent, exhibiting inhibition of P. berghei with IC50 values of 0.561 μM for the liver stage, 0.14 μM for early gametocytes, and 4.34 μM for the ring stages of P. falciparum [1].

TCMDC-125457 can effectively induce calcium redistribution, but has little effect on inhibiting heme crystallization. When TCMDC-125457 is combined with artesunate, it can effectively treat tightly synchronized artemisinin-resistant ring-stage parasites.

KDU691 is a PI4K inhibitor.

Ticarcillin disodium (Ticarpen) is the disodium salt form of ticarcillin, a broad-spectrum, semi-synthetic penicillin antibiotic with bactericidal and beta-lactamase resistant activity. Similar to carbenicillin in action, ticarcillin inactivates the penicillin-sensitive transpeptidase C-terminal domain by opening the lactam ring. This inactivation prevents the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan strands, thereby inhibiting the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. This leads to incomplete bacterial cell wall synthesis and eventually causes cell lysis.