siaresinolic acid 28-o-b-d-glucopyranosyl ester

Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (Phenylethyl Caffeate) (CAPE) inhibits the activation of nuclear transcription factor NF-kappa B and may suppress p70S6K and Akt-driven signaling pathways, with antineoplastic, cytoprotective and immunomodulating activities. CAPE is the phenethyl alcohol ester of caffeic acid and a bioactive component of honeybee hive propolis. In addition, CAPE inhibits PDGF-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells through the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha and subsequent induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1).

Eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester (Ethyl eicosapentaenoate) is an omega-3 fatty acid.

D-Glutamic acid ((R)-Glutamic acid), the enantiomer of L-glutamic acid, is widely used in medicine and food.

D-Glucuronic acid sodium salt monohydrate (Sodium D-glucuronate) is a carboxylic acid that is highly soluble in water. In humans, glucuronic acid often binds to toxic substances to facilitate elimination and to hormones to aid in their transport.

D-(-)-Quinic acid (Kinic acid) is a cellular metal ion chelator, capable of promoting reactions with metal M(II,III) ions under pH-specific conditions. It may possess potent inhibition against alpha-mannosidase and alpha-fucosidase.

(E)-Ferulic acid methyl ester (Methyl (E)-ferulate) is a potential inhibitor of the mitogen-activated phosphor kinase pathway and an anti-inflammatory agent first isolated from the medicinal plant S. tuberosa. Additionally, it shows promising anthelmintic activity against Haemonchus contortus.

D-Glucuronic acid lactone (Dicurone) is a naturally occurring chemical that is an important structural component of nearly all connective tissues. Glucuronolactone is also found in many plant gums.

D-Pantothenic acid hemicalcium salt (Calcium pantothenate), a kind of water soluble vitamin, can reduce the patulin content of the apple juice.

D(-)-2-Aminobutyric acid is a substrate of D-amino acid oxidase.

Phthalic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (Phthalic Acid Monooctyl Ester) is a major bioactive metabolite of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), which inhibits the 17,20 lyase activity of CYP17. The Cyp17a1 gene is specifically targeted by MEHP, explaining the MEHP-induced suppression of steroidogenesis observed.

Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (EH-201) is a low MW inducer of erythropoietin. Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside induces expression of erythropoietin, PPAR-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) and haemoglobin in astrocytes and PC12 neuronal-like cells. In vivo, Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside treatment restores memory impairment, as assessed by the passive avoidance test, in SD, Aβ and KA mouse models. In the hippocampus of mice given Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside in their diet, levels of erythropoietin, PGC-1α and haemoglobin were increased. Treatment with Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside might be a therapeutic strategy for memory impairment in neurodegenerative disease, physiological ageing or traumatic brain injury.

D-Glucuronic acid is an important intermediate isolated from many gums. It has anti-inflammatory effects on the skin. It and its derivative glucuronolactone act as preventive liver detoxifiers for human health.

3-O-Ethyl-L-ascorbic acid is a cosmetic tyrosinase inhibitor with whitening ability and is a stabilized vitamin C derivative. It also has antioxidant properties.

D-(-)-Mandelic acid ((R)-(-)-Mandelic acid) has the health function of killing sperm, reducing Yin, inhibiting bacteria, anti-inflammation and enhancing vagina self-cleaning.

D-Glucaric acid potassium (D-Saccharic acid potassium salt) is a compound formed from oxidizing sugars, which can be used to test for the presence of hepatic enzyme induction. Studies indicate that D-glucuronolactone dehydrogenase oxidizes D-Saccharic acid potassium salt into D-glucaro-l,4;6,3-dilactone. Alternate studies suggest that D-Saccharic acid potassium salt forms a complex with Cu(II) and H2O2to decolorize azo, acridine, triphenyl methane, anthraquinone and thiazine-based dyes.

D-(-)-Tartaric acid (D-Tartaric acid; (S, S)-tartarate; D-threaric acid) is mainly located in the cytoplasm. D-(-)-Tartaric acid can be converted into (2S,3S)-cis-fertaric acid and (2S,3S)-trans-fertaric acid. Outside the human body, it can be found in vinegar. This makes it a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food.

D-Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) is a water-soluble vitamin ubiquitously found in plants and animal tissues with an antioxidant property. D-Pantothenic acid is a component of coenzyme A (CoA) and a part of the vitamin B2 complex. D-Pantothenic acid is a growth factor and is essential for various metabolic functions, including the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fatty acids. This vitamin is also involved in the synthesis of cholesterol, lipids, neurotransmitters, steroid hormones, and hemoglobin.

D-(+)-Phenyllactic acid (D-3-Phenyllactic acid), an antibacterial compound produced by Geotrichum candidum, effectively inhibits various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria originating from humans and food products[1].

o-Toluic acid, also 2-methylbenzoic acid, is an aromatic carboxylic acid. It is a human xenobiotic metabolite.

Eurycomanol 2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, a natural diterpenoid compound, is extracted from Tongkat Ali.

(2S)-1-O-p-coumaroyl-2-O-acetyl-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosylglycerol is a useful research compound for many research applications, including the fields of chemistry and life sciences, among others.

Ellagic acid 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside is a natural product found in the tuberous roots of [Potentilla anserina].

Epipinoresinol-4'-O-β-D-glucoside (Simplocosin) is a glucoside compound[1].

(25R)-3β,17α-dihydroxy-5α- spirostan-6-one3-O-α-L- rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β- D-glucopyranoside is a natural product isolated from the bulbs of Lilium brownii var. viridulum.

5-O-Cinnamoylquinic acid is a natural product.

6-Bromo-1H-indole-3-acetic acid methyl ester (Methyl 6-Bromoindole-3-acetate) is a marine derived natural products found in Pseudosuberites hyalinus.

Kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucosyl(1-2)rhamnoside is a natural peoduct isolated from Arabian jasmine

Oroxylin A 7-O-β-d-glucuronide was a new alkaloid which found in the bulbs of Lycoris radiata.

1. Ganoderic acid D is one of the major components in Ganoderma triterpenes. 2. Ganoderic acid D treatment for 48h inhibits the proliferation of HeLa human cervical carcinoma cells with an IC(5) value of 17.3 +/- .3 microM.

Salvianolic acid B (Dan Shen Suan B), a natural product from Salvia miltiorrhiza, is a water-soluble antioxidant. Salvianolic acid B has antiplatelet aggregation, anticoagulant, and antithrombotic effects, and is commonly used in the study of microcirculatory disorders.

D-(-)-Lactic acid sodium (Sodium D-lactate) is an organic acid. It is a chiral molecule, consisting of two optical isomers, L-lactic acid and D-lactic acid, with the L-isomer being the most common in living organisms. D-(-)-Lactic acid sodium also is a microbial metabolite.

3-O-acetyloleanolic acid dose-dependently inhibited the viability of HCT-116 cells. Apoptosis was characterized by detection of cell surface annexin V and sub-G1 apoptotic cell populations.

(-)-Syringaresnol-4-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside ((-)-Syringaresnol-4-O-beta-D-apiofuranos) is a lignan glycoside derived from the bark of Albizzia myriophylla.

D-(+)-Galacturonic acid is one of the endogenous metabolites.

Pseudolaric acid B, a natural diterpenoid compound, is isolated from Pseudolarix kaempferi.

L-Aspartic Acid 4-Benzyl Ester is a chelating agent that forms stable complexes with metal ions. It has been used to study the effect of metal ions on enzyme activity and to investigate the role of metal ions in the regulation of gene expression.

Kaempferol 3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antinociceptive activities.

Paederosidic acid methyl ester has antinociception, is possibly related to the pathway of NO-cGMP-ATP sensitive K(+) channels.

DiosMetin 7-O-β-D-Glucuronide, an antioxidant constituent found in the fruits of Luffa cylindrical, supplies antioxidant benefits when sponge gourds are consumed.

(+)-pinoresinol-β-D-glucoside; (+)-pinor is the major active furanoid lignan in Lianxian. It shows antioxidant, hypotensive and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) phosphodiesterase inhibitory activities.

Aristolochic acid B (Aristolochic Acid II) is one of the major components of the carcinogenic plant extract aristolochic acid, is known to be mutagenic and to form DNA adducts in vitro and in vivo, Aristolochic acid B shows more carcinogenic risk than aristolochic acid I, and this may be, at least partly, the result of its increased levels in kidney and plasma.

3-O-p-Coumaroylquinic acid, hydroxycinnamic acid derivative, is isolated from a 70% methanolic Crataegus extract (Crataegi folium cum flore).

Demethoxydeacetoxypseudolaric acid B's the metabolic reaction of TDA in vivo is mainly occurred in blood and contributes to be the hydrolysis of plasma esterase to ester bond, as well as the glucosylation reaction.

Ganoderic acid B is a chemical marker in quality control of G. lucidum and related products. Ganoderic acid B-containing herbs has potential influence towards therapeutic window of trifluoperazine.Ganoderic acid B has antinociceptive effect

1. 6'-O-beta-D-Glucosylgentiopicroside (6'-O-Glucosylgentiopicroside) may have antifungal activity.

Mycophenolic acid glucuronide is the glucuronide metabolite of mycophenolic acid in human plasma.

Salvianolic acid D ((R,E)-2-((3-(2-(carboxymethyl)-3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acryloyl)oxy)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid) and notoginseng triterpenes can promote EA-hy926 and expression of protein with protective effects on angiogenesis in EA-hy926 cells in vitro.

3-O-beta-D-Glucopyranosylplatycodigenin is isolated from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum.

Taxifolin 7-O-β-D-glucoside, a flavonoid primarily located in endosperm, functions in defense against pathogens and UV damage.

Aristolochic Acid D, a derivative of aristolochic acid isolated from the stems of Aristolochia indica, is identified as both a carcinogen and nephrotoxin.