taurocholic acid sodium hydrate

Taurocholic acid sodium salt hydrate (Sodium taurocholate hydrate) is the product of conjugation of taurine with cholic acid. The sodium salt, the main ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals, is used as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.

Dihydroxyfumaric acid is a known generator of superoxide anions and by hydroxyl free radicals. Dihydroxyfumarate exposure can cause insulin inhibitory effects. It can spontaneously convert to hydroxypyruvate or to oxaloglycolate.

Usnic Acid sodium is a natual product.

Hydroxycitric acid tripotassium hydrate (Potassium citrate monohydrate) effectively inhibits stones formation and also inhibits HIF, and has antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and anti-tumor effects. Hydroxycitric acid tripotassium hydrate(Potassium citrate monohydrate) (Potassium citrate monohydrate) is the major active ingredient of Garcinia cambogia and a derivative of citric acid. Hydroxycitric acid tripotassium hydrate(Potassium citrate monohydrate) competitively inhibits ATP citrate lyase with weight loss benefits.

Deoxycholic acid sodium salt (Sodium deoxycholate) can activate the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor TGR5 that stimulates brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic activity.

Phytic acid dodecasodium salt hydrate (myo-Inositol, hexakis(dihydrogen phosphate) dodecasodium salt hydrate) is a phosphorus storage compound of seeds and cereal grains. Phytic acid dodecasodium salt hydrate inhibits the enzymatic superoxide source xanthine oxidase with an IC50 of 6 mM and has antioxidative, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects.

Isethionic acid sodium salt (Sodium isethionate) is an organosulfur compound containing a short chain alkane sulfonate linked to a hydroxyl group. Mammals are able to endogenously synthesize Isethionic acid sodium salt via taurine through a possible enzymatic deamination process. Isethionic acid sodium salt can be found in both human plasma and urine. Higher plasma levels of Isethionic acid sodium salt have been shown to be protective against type 2 diabetes.

Cholic acid sodium (SodiumCholate) exhibits a strong spermicidal and antiviral [anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1] activity.

Phytic acid sodium salt (Sodium phytate hydrate) is known to function as a [PO4]3- storage depot and a precursor for other inositol phosphates and pyrophosphates. It is a potent chelator of divalent and trivalent cations in vitro.

rel-(2R,3S)-2,3-Dihydroxysuccinic acid hydrate (meso-Tartaric acid monohydrate) occurs naturally in many plants, particularly grapes and tamarinds, and is one of the main acids found in wine. It is used as an antioxidant. Salts of tartaric acid are known as tartrates. Tartaric acid is a muscle toxin, which works by inhibiting the production of malic acid, and in high doses causes paralysis and death.

D-Glucuronic acid sodium salt monohydrate (Sodium D-glucuronate) is a carboxylic acid and highly soluble in water. In humans, glucuronic acid is often linked to toxic or poisonous substances to allow for subsequent elimination, and to hormones to allow for easier transport.

Sapienic acid sodium is a fatty acid commonly. It has variable antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria found on the skin and in the oral cavity.

Ursodeoxycholic acid sodium (Sodium Ursodeoxycholate) is a naturally occurring secondary bile acid with anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective activities. Ursodeoxycholic acid sodium acts as signaling molecule, exerting its effects by interacting with bile acid activated receptors,

Hyaluronic acid sodium (Sodium Hyaluronate) is an anionic, nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan distributed widely throughout connective, epithelial, and neural tissues. It is unique among glycosaminoglycans in that it is nonsulfated, forms in the plasma membrane instead of the Golgi, and can be very large, with its molecular weight often reaching the millions. One of the chief components of the extracellular matrix, hyaluronic acid contributes significantly to cell proliferation and migration, and may also be involved in the progression of some malignant tumors.

D-(-)-Lactic acid sodium (Sodium D-lactate) is an organic acid. It is a chiral molecule, consisting of two optical isomers, L-lactic acid and D-lactic acid, with the L-isomer being the most common in living organisms. D-(-)-Lactic acid sodium also is a microbial metabolite.

Ferulic acid sodium (Sodium ferulic), the sodium salt of ferulic acid, is a drug used in traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and to prevent thrombosis.

Taurocholic acid (N-Choloyltaurine) is a bile acid involved in the emulsification of fats.Taurocholic acid is cytoprotective, preventing tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced cholangiocyte damage via a PI3K-mediated pathway.

Fusidic acid sodium salt (SQ-16360) is a sodium salt form of fusidic acid, a bacteriostatic antibiotic derived from the fungus Fusidium coccineum and used as a topical medication to treat skin infections.

L-2-Phosphoglyceric acid disodium salt is a glyceric acid which serves as the substrate in glycolysis. It is catalyzed by enolase into phosphoenolpyruvate.

3-Indoleacetic acid sodium (Heteroauxin sodium salt) is a naturally occurring plant hormone of the auxin class. It can stimulate cell elongation and division, promoting plant growth and development. However, at high concentrations, it exhibits growth inhibiting effects, including epinasty and prevention of shoot and root growth. This latter effect formed the basis for which synthetic auxins were developed as herbicides and bioregulators in agriculture.

Ellagic acid (hydrate) is a natural antioxidant and acts as a potent and ATP-competitive CK2 inhibitor (IC50:40 nM, Ki: 20 nM).

Glycochenodeoxycholic acid sodium salt is a bile salt formed in the liver from deoxycholic acid and glycine that induces apoptosis in hepatocytes. It acts as a detergent, dissolves fats for absorption, and is itself absorbed.

Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) sodium, an orally active omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 LC-PUFA), demonstrates a unique ability to demethylate DNA, thereby facilitating the re-expression of the tumor suppressor gene CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein δ (C/EBPδ). This compound also activates the RAS/ERK/C/EBPβ pathway by demethylating H-Ras intron 1 CpG island in U937 leukemia cells and promotes the relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells, leading to vasodilation.

L-Glyceric acid sodium is a urinary metabolite predominantly found in individuals with the rare inherited metabolic disorder, L-glyceric aciduria. This compound serves as a diagnostic tool for identifying primary hyperoxaluria type 2 (PH2) and can be used to differentiate between PH1 and PH2 based on its excretion pattern.

Colominic acid sodium salt, also known as polysialic acid sodium salt, is naturally isolated from the cell wall of Escherichia coli and animals. It exhibits a red color with an absorption maximum of 530 nm and possesses anti-bacterial activity.

L-Aspartic acid sodium is a natural product for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T65270 and the CAS number is 5598-53-8.

Taurohyodeoxycholic acid sodium salt (Sodium taurohyodeoxycholate hydrate) prevents apoptosis by blocking a calcium-mediated apoptotic pathway as well as caspase-12 activation.

D-(+)-Galacturonic acid is one of the endogenous metabolites.

Taurolithocholic acid sodium salt (Sodium taurolithocholate) is the major human metabolite, a bile acid which inhibits radioligand binding to muscarinic M1, but not to M2 or M3 receptors.

Glycocholic Acid is the product of conjugation of cholic acid with glycine. It is the chief ingredient of the bile of herbivorous animals.

Acetoacetic acid sodium salt is a metabolite of non-esterified fatty acids, involved in the development of human diabetes.

Sodium D-mannuronate, derived from the seaweed Macrocystis pyrifera, shows promise as a therapeutic agent in studies of autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA), nephrotic syndrome, and acute glomerulonephritis [1].

(R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid sodium is a natural product for research related to life sciences and the catalog number is T67002.

Glycocholic Acid Sodium Salt (Sodium Glycocholate) is a conjugated bile salt and ionic biologic detergent. It is involved in the emulsification of fats.

Uric acid sodium, scavengers of oxygen radicals, is a potent and common antioxidant that helps maintain stable blood pressure and resist oxidative stress. Uric acid sodium, which removes reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen and peroxynitrite, has an inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation and is associated with the pathogenesis of gout joint disease and the formation of calcium oxalate stones.

CMP-Sialic acid sodium salt (CMP-Neu5Ac sodium salt) is a variant inhibitor of UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase, the activated form of sialic acid, which is widely found in animals and is involved in the metabolism of organisms.

Taurochenodeoxycholic acid sodium (Sodium taurochenodeoxycholate) is one of the main bioactive substances of animals' bile acid. Taurochenodeoxycholic acid sodium induces apoptosis and shows obvious anti-inflammatory and immune regulation properties. It can increase glucose-induced insulin secretion and stimulate the electrical activity of α2-cells and enhance cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](c)).

Yohimbic acid hydrate, an amphoteric demethylated derivative of Yohimbine, exhibits vasodilatory properties and is utilized in osteoarthritis (OA) research [1] [2] [3].

Sodium salt of humic acid and sodium silicate have similar enhancement on kerosene contaminated soil washing with saponin.

Cholic acid sodium hydrate, a primary bile acid synthesized in the liver and typically conjugated with glycine or taurine, plays a crucial role in facilitating fat absorption and cholesterol excretion. This compound is orally active [1] [2].

2-Ketoglutaric acid Sodium (AKG) is a key molecule in the TCA cycle. It can be produced from glutamate by oxidative deamination via glutamate dehydrogenase and as a product of pyridoxal phosphate-dependent transamination reactions (mediated by branched-chain amino acid transaminases) in which glutamate is a common amino donor.

Taurodeoxycholic acid sodium hydrate (Sodium taurodeoxycholate monohydrate), a hydrophilic bile salt, on bile salt and biliary lipid secretion in the rat.

Palmitic acid sodium (Sodium palmitate) is a type of saturated fatty acid that is formed in fatty acid synthesis.Palmitic acid sodium promotes adipogenesis and cellular lipoatrophy in a variety of cell lines.

D-Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate sodium salt hydrate is the intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism, including glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. During glycolysis, it is produced by phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate by phosphofructokinase. The reverse reaction mediated by fructose-1, 6-diphosphatase-1 is one of the rate-limiting steps of gluconeogenesis. The same reaction occurs in the chloroplasts of plants, D-Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate sodium salt hydrate as part of the reducing pentose phosphate cycle. Since cancer cells use glycolysis as a primary source of metabolic energy production, this pathway has become a major target for cancer chemotherapy.

L-Ascorbic acid sodium salt (Vitamin C sodium salt) is a more bioavailable form of vitamin C that is an alternative to taking ascorbic acid as a supplement.

D-Fructose-6-phosphate (sodium salt hydrate) is a sugar intermediate in the glycolytic pathway produced by the isomerization of glucose 6-phosphate by glucose phosphate isomerase, and is used in cancer research.

α-Lipoic Acid (Thioctic acid) sodium, an essential cofactor for mitochondrial enzyme complexes, serves as an antioxidant. It suppresses NF-κB-dependent activation of HIV-1 LTR [1] [2] [3] and triggers ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress-mediated apoptosis in hepatoma cells [4]. Additionally, when combined with CPUL1 to form the self-assembled nanoaggregate CPUL1-LA NA, α-Lipoic Acid sodium enhances antitumor efficacy compared to CPUL1 alone [5].

Sodium taurocholate (Taurocholate Sodium) hydrate is the main end product of cholesterol catabolism. During enterohepatic circulation, bile taurocholic acid is converted by the microorganisms to taurodeoxycholic acid and deoxycholic acid.[3] These are reabsorbed by the liver via a carrier-mediated process and converted by liver enzymes to taurocholic acid.