vildagliptin carboxylic acid metabolite (trifluoroacetate salt)

Vildagliptin carboxylic acid metabolite is the major metabolite of the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin in humans. Vildagliptin carboxylic acid metabolite has an IC50 value of 477 μM for DPP-4 in human Caco-2 cells. It is formed from hydrolysis of the cyano group on vildagliptin.

L-aspartic acid potasium salt（VX-548） is an amino acid widely found in plants and animals.L-aspartic acid potasium salt drives the production of nitrogen oxides, which promotes phagocytosis and contributes to fish survival.L-aspartic acid potasium salt may stimulate antibiotics. The stimulatory effect may be related to precursors involved in aspartic acid-4-semialdehyde biosynthesis.

Valproic acid sodium salt (Sodium Valproate) is the sodium salt form of valproic acid with anti-epileptic activity. Valproic acid sodium salt is converted into its active form, valproate ion, in blood. Although the mechanism of action remains to be elucidated, Valproic acid sodium salt increases concentrations of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, probably due to inhibition of the enzymes responsible for the catabolism of GABA. This potentiates the synaptic actions of GABA. Valproic acid sodium salt may also affect potassium channels, thereby creating a direct membrane-stabilizing effect.

5'-Guanylic acid disodium salt (GMP-5) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as purine ribonucleoside monophosphates. In particular, L-Glutamic acid and guanosine monophosphate can be biosynthesized from xanthylic acid and L-glutamine; which is catalyzed by the enzyme GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing]. In addition, Guanosine triphosphate and guanosine monophosphate can be biosynthesized from diguanosine tetraphosphate; which is catalyzed by the enzyme bis(5'-nucleosyl)-tetraphosphatase [asymmetrical]. In humans, guanosine monophosphate is involved in the kanamycin action pathway, the telithromycin action pathway, the tobramycin action pathway, and the erythromycin action pathway. Guanosine monophosphate is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include the AICA-ribosiduria pathway, adenosine deaminase deficiency, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency (aprt), and the 2-hydroxyglutric aciduria (D and L form) pathway. Outside of the human body, guanosine monophosphate can be found in a number of food items such as onion-family vegetables, millet, chinese water chestnut, and red rice. This makes guanosine monophosphate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

Deoxycholic acid sodium salt (Sodium deoxycholate) can activate the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor TGR5 that stimulates brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic activity.

L-Glutamic acid monosodium salt (MSG) (Monosodium glutamate) is an activator of mGlu1 receptor.

Phytic acid dodecasodium salt hydrate (myo-Inositol, hexakis(dihydrogen phosphate) dodecasodium salt hydrate) is a phosphorus storage compound of seeds and cereal grains. Phytic acid dodecasodium salt hydrate inhibits the enzymatic superoxide source xanthine oxidase with an IC50 of 6 mM and has antioxidative, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects.

Dodecanedioic acid diammonium salt (1,10-Decanedicarboxylic acid diammonium salt) is a dicarboxylic acid which is water-soluble and involves in a metabolic pathway intermediate to those of lipids and carbohydrates.

5,6-DIAMINOPYRIDINE-3-CARBOXYLIC ACID METHYL ESTER is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T9829 and the CAS number is 104685-76-9.

Isethionic acid sodium salt (Sodium isethionate) is an organosulfur compound containing a short chain alkane sulfonate linked to a hydroxyl group. Mammals are able to endogenously synthesize Isethionic acid sodium salt via taurine through a possible enzymatic deamination process. Isethionic acid sodium salt can be found in both human plasma and urine. Higher plasma levels of Isethionic acid sodium salt have been shown to be protective against type 2 diabetes.

Phytic acid sodium salt (Sodium phytate hydrate) is known to function as a [PO4]3- storage depot and a precursor for other inositol phosphates and pyrophosphates. It is a potent chelator of divalent and trivalent cations in vitro.

6-Bromoindole-3-carboxylic acid (ZINC2547985) is a marine derived natural products found in Pseudosuberites hyalinus.

Ursulcholic acid trisodium salt (Ursodeoxycholic acid disulfate trisodium salt) is a soluble form of ursodeoxycholic acid which has antihyperlipidemia and gallbladder activity.

(S)-6-methoxychroman-3-carboxylic acid is a synthetic compound with a molecular formula of C11H10O5. It is a member of the chroman family of compounds, which are characterized by a seven-membered ring with one oxygen and one carbon atom.

2-(2-fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid is commonly used to synthesize compounds with anticancer and antitumor properties.

1H-Pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid, 4,5-dibromo-1-methyl- (1-methyl-4,5-dibromopyrrole-2-carboxylic acid) is a marine derived natural products found in Agelas flabelliformis.

Maleic acid disodium salt is a pharmaceutical intermediate used in the synthesis of other active compounds.

D-Glucuronic acid sodium salt monohydrate (Sodium D-glucuronate) is a carboxylic acid and highly soluble in water. In humans, glucuronic acid is often linked to toxic or poisonous substances to allow for subsequent elimination, and to hormones to allow for easier transport.

5,6-dibromo-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid (5,6-dibromo-1H-indole-3-carboxylicAcid) is a marine derived natural products found in Smenospongia sp.

Compound Fr12380 is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is Fr12380 and the CAS number is 3622-35-3.

EST64454 Maleic acid salt is the maleic acid salt form of EST64454.EST64454 is a highly soluble σ1 receptor antagonist clinical candidate for the treatment of pain.

CPI-0610 carboxylic acid is an effective and selective small molecule inhibitor of bromine domain and outer end (BET) protein as a ligand of PROTAC target protein. CPI-0610 carboxylic acid may have anticancer and anticancer activities.

2-Methyl-2H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is Fr21265 and the CAS number is 34252-44-3.

Sultosilic acid piperazine salt (A-585) is a novel lipid-lowering compound that can be used to study type IIb familial combined hyperlipidemia.

(4R)-3-[2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropanoyl]-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid can be used in research in the fields of chemistry and life sciences.

1,3,5-Trimethyl-1H-Pyrazole-4-Carboxylic Acid (1,3,5-trimethylpyrazole-4-carboxylic acid) is a marine derived natural products found in Cinachyrella sp.

4,5-Dibromo-1H-Pyrrole-2-Carboxylic Acid (4,5-Dibromo-2-pyrrolic acid) is a marine derived natural products found in Agelas oroides.

4-methyl-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)thiazole-5-carboxylic acid is used as a pharmaceutical intermediate.

Glycyrrhizinic acid, potassium salt can reduce ventricular arrhythmias caused by veratrol

6-chloro-1-ethyl-7-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid is a compound used as a molecular structural unit for pefloxacin impurities.

Compound Fr13623 is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is Fr13623 and the CAS number is 496-41-3.

1-(2,3-DIHYDRO-BENZO[1,4]DIOXIN-6-YL)-5-OXO-PYRROLIDINE-3-CARBOXYLIC ACID targets GRK2.

Compound 5936-0108 may has modulationg effect on β-Amyloid.

2-Oxo-6-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid belonging to the pyrimidine family, which has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant and antitumor properties.

1,5-diphenylpyrazole-3-carboxylic acid (1H-PYRAZOLE-3-CARBOXYLIC ACID, 1,5-DIPHENYL-) is a plant-physiologically tolerable salt radical or any desired ester radical.

It has been granted to have property to inhibit protein isoprenyl transferases.

Diethyldithiocarbamic acid copper salt is a chelating agent used in various metal, protein, and enzyme experiments. It can also serve as a complexing agent for synthesizing various organic compounds, including heterocyclic compounds, and as an inducer for copper-mediated cell death.

Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid acts as a potent anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive component in vivo, thus contributing to the immune regulatory role of fruits and herbs.

Taurocholic acid sodium salt hydrate (Sodium taurocholate hydrate) is the product of conjugation of taurine with cholic acid. The sodium salt, the main ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals, is used as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.

JQ-1 (carboxylic acid) is a cell-permeable BRD4 inhibitor with IC50s of 77 nM for BRD4(1) and 33 nM for BRD4(2)

Fusidic acid sodium salt (SQ-16360) is a sodium salt form of fusidic acid, a bacteriostatic antibiotic derived from the fungus Fusidium coccineum and used as a topical medication to treat skin infections.

DNA is continually damaged by endogenous and environmental agents leading to the formation of abasic (apurinic/apyrimidinic, AP) sites that are disruptive to DNA synthesis. Aldehyde Reactive Probe (ARP) is a biotinylated reagent for the detection and quantification of AP sites in damaged DNA. ARP reacts with aldehyde groups formed when reactive oxygen species depurinate DNA, resulting in covalent linkage of biotin to these AP sites. The biotin-tagged DNA can then be detected using common avidin-conjugated reporters such as avidin-HRP. The ARP method is highly sensitive, enabling detection of 2.4 AP sites per 1x107 nucleotides of DNA.

UDP-Glucuronic acid is a nucleoside diphosphate sugar that is a source of glucuronic acid for polysaccharide biosynthesis. This compound can be used for the formation of many glucuronides with various aglycones.1 1.Green, M.D., and Tephly, T.R.Glucuronidation of amine substrates by purified and expressed UDP-glucuronosyltransferase proteinsDrug Metab. Dispos.26(9)860-867(1998)

PNU-159682 carboxylic acid is a potent ADCs cytotoxin,PNU-159682 carboxylic acid has protein fold and diverse functions.

1-Arachidonoyl lysophosphatidic acid is a phospholipid containing arachidonic acid at the sn-1 position. It has been found in rat brain as 37% of the arachidonic acid-containing lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) species and is a precursor to 1-arachidonoyl glycerol . 1-Arachidonoyl lysophosphatidic acid binds to the LPA2/EDG4 receptor with an EC50 value of approximately 10 nM. It prevents TNF-α and IL-6 secretion in wild-type but not Lpa2-/- dendritic cells stimulated by LPS. It also decreases differentiation of HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells to goblet cells in the presence of sodium butyrate.

1-Palmitoyl lysophosphatidic acid (1-Palmitoyl LPA) is a LPA analog containing palmitic acid at the sn-1 position. LPA binds to one of five different G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to mediate a variety of biological responses including cell proliferation, smooth muscle contraction, platelet aggregation, neurite retraction, and cell motility. In addition to playing a role in the aforementioned biological responses, 1-palmitoyl LPA enhances the action of β-lactam antibiotics (ampicillin, piperacillin, and ceftazidime) on various strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a pathogen associated with pulmonary disease and pneumonia, via binding both Ca2+ and Mg2+.

9(Z),11(E)-Conjugated linoleic acid is an isomer of linoleic acid that has been found in beef and milk fat.1It binds to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα; IC50= 140 nM) and activates the receptor in a reporter assay using COS-1 cells expressing mouse PPARα when used at a concentration of 100 μM.29(Z),11(E)-Conjugated linoleic acid inhibits TNF-α-inducedGLUT4expression and increases insulin-stimulated glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.3Dietary administration of 9(Z)11(E)-conjugated linoleic acid reduces serum fasting glucose, insulin, and triglyceride levels and decreases white adipose tissue macrophage infiltration inob/obmice. It also increases body weight gain and body fat in weanling mice.4[Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1278] 1.Shultz, T.D., Chew, B.P., Seaman, W.R., et al.Inhibitory effect of conjugated dienoic derivatives of linoleic acid and β-carotene on the in vitro growth of human cancer cellsCancer Lett.63(2)125-133(1992) 2.Moya-Camarena, S.Y., Heuvel, J.P.V., Blanchard, S.G., et al.Conjugated linoleic acid is a potent naturally occurring ligand and activator of PPARαJ. Lipid Res.40(8)1426-1433(1999) 3.Moloney, F., Toomey, S., Noone, E., et al.Antidiabetic effects of cis-9, trans-11-conjugated linoleic acid may be mediated via anti-inflammatory effects in white adipose tissueDiabetes56(3)574-582(2007) 4.Pariza, M.W., Park, Y., and Cook, M.E.The biologically active isomers of conjugated linoleic acidProg. Lipid Res.40(4)283-298(2001)

PAR2 (1-6) amide is a synthetic peptide agonist of proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) that corresponds to residues 1-6 of the amino terminal tethered ligand sequence of human PAR2 and residues 37-42 of the full-length sequence.1It binds to NCTC 2544 cells expressing human PAR2 (Ki= 9.64 μM in a radioligand binding assay) and induces calcium mobilization in the same cells (EC50= 0.075 μM).2PAR2 (1-6) amide (100 μM) reduces colony formation of A549 lung cancer cells.1It induces superoxide production and degranulation in isolated human eosinophils when used at a concentration of 500 μM.3PAR2 (1-6) amide (5 μmol/kg) induces tear secretion in rats when used in combination with amastatin .4 1.Bohm, S.K., Kong, W., Bromme, D., et al.Molecular cloning, expression and potential functions of the human proteinase-activated receptor-2Biochem. J.314(Pt 3)1009-1016(1996) 2.Kanke, T., Ishiwata, H., Kabeya, M., et al.Binding of a highly potent protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) activating peptide, [3H]2-furoyl-LIGRL-NH2, to human PAR2Br. J. Pharmacol.145(2)255-263(2005) 3.Miike, S., McWilliam, A.S., and Kita, H.Trypsin induces activation and inflammatory mediator release from human eosinophils through protease-activated receptor-2J. Immunol.167(11)6615-6622(2001) 4.Nishikawa, H., Kawai, K., Tanaka, M., et al.Protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2)-related peptides induce tear secretion in rats: Involvement of PAR-2 and non-PAR-2 mechanismsJ. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.312(2)324-331(2005)

Taurocholic acid 3-sulfate (TCA3S) is a metabolite of the conjugated bile acid taurocholic acid .1Plasma levels of TCA3S are elevated in wild-type andSortilin 1(Sort1) knockout mice at 6 hours following bile duct ligation (BDL) and are further elevated inSort1knockout mice at 24 hours post-BDL.2 1.Lefebvre, P., Cariou, B., Lien, F., et al.Role of bile acids and bile acid receptors in metabolic regulationPhysiol. Rev.89(1)147-191(2009) 2.Li, J., Woolbright, B.L., Zhao, W., et al.Sortilin 1 loss-of-function protects against cholestatic liver injury by attenuating hepatic bile acid accumulation in bile duct ligated miceToxicol. Sci.161(1)34-47(2018)

2,4-Dihydroxypyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid (Isoorotic acid) has been obtained from 5-formyluracil by the action of enzyme, thymine 7-hydroxylase. 2,4-Dihydroxypyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid has been used to synthesize N1-alkylated uracil derivatives.