virus-encoded

DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Largest and catalytic core component of RNA polymerase III which synthesizes small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs. Forms the polymerase active center together with the second largest subunit. A single-stranded DNA template strand of the promoter is positioned within the central active site cleft of Pol III. A bridging helix emanates from RPC1 and crosses the cleft near the catalytic site and is thought to promote translocation of Pol III by acting as a ratchet that moves the RNA-DNA hybrid through the active site by switching from straight to bent conformations at each step of nucleotide addition. Plays a key role in sensing and limiting infection by intracellular bacteria and DNA viruses. Acts as nuclear and cytosolic DNA sensor involved in innate immune response. Can sense non-self dsDNA that serves as template for transcription into dsRNA. The non-self RNA polymerase III transcripts, such as Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNAs (EBERs) induce type I interferon and NF- Kappa-B through the RIG-I pathway.

B18R is a type I interferon (IFN)-binding protein, which is encoded by the B18R open reading frame in the WR (Western Reserve) strain of vaccinia virus. It is also known as B19R in the Copenhagen strain of Vaccinia. B18R exists in a soluble and a membrane-bound form. As a type I IFN receptor, B18R has a broad species specificity. It has high affinity for human IFN-alpha and also binds rabbit, bovine, rat, pig, and mouse IFN-alpha and IFN-beta. It has been shown that secreted B18R binds to uninfected and infected cells. It presents at the cell surface and protects cells from the antiviral state induced by IFN-alpha and IFN-beta. Binding of soluble recombinant B18R protects cultured cells from IFN and allows vaccinia virus replication.

LGALS9 (Galectin 9) is a Protein Coding gene. 6 alternatively spliced human isoforms have been reported. The galectins are a family of beta-galactoside-binding proteins implicated in modulating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. The protein encoded by this gene is an S-type lectin. It is overexpressed in Hodgkin's disease tissue and might participate in the interaction between the H&RS cells with their surrounding cells and might thus play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease and/or its associated immunodeficiency. LGALS9 is broadly expressed in the spleen, stomach, and other tissues. Diseases associated with LGALS9 include Dengue Virus and Adhesive Otitis Media. An important paralog of this gene is LGALS9B.Cancer ImmunotherapyCo-inhibitory Immune Checkpoint TargetsImmune CheckpointImmune Checkpoint TargetsImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy

PK-1 (Ac10) is a baculovirus-encoded serine/threonine kinase,a pk-1 knockout AcMNPV failed to produce infectious progeny, while the pk-1 repair virus could rescue this defect.the kinase activity of PK-1 is essential in regulating viral propagation. Electron microscopy revealed that pk-1 deletion affected the formation of normal nucleocapsids.PK-1 appears to phosphorylate some viral or cellular proteins that are essential for DNA packaging to regulate nucleocapsid assembly.

DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Component of RNA polymerase III which synthesizes small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs. Plays a key role in sensing and limiting infection by intracellular bacteria and DNA viruses. Acts as nuclear and cytosolic DNA sensor involved in innate immune response. Can sense non-self dsDNA that serves as template for transcription into dsRNA. The non-self RNA polymerase III transcripts, such as Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNAs (EBERs) induce type I interferon and NF- Kappa-B through the RIG-I pathway.

The Fc receptor with low affinity for IgG (FCGR3, or CD16) is encoded by 2 nearly identical genes, FCGR3A and FCGR3B, resulting in tissue-specific expression of alternative membrane-anchored isoforms. FCGR3A, it is also known as CD16a, encodes a transmembrane protein expressed on activated monocytes/macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, and a subset of T cells. CD16a / FCGR3A is a receptor expressed on NK cells that facilitates antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) by binding to the Fc portion of various antibodies. CD16a / FCGR3A also has a broader function. CD16a / FCGR3A is directly involved in the lysis of some virus-infected cells and tumor cells by NK cells, independent of antibody binding. Cross-linking of CD16a / FCGR3A on NK cells resulted in increased intracellular Ca2+ levels and a cascade of biochemical events similar to those activated by the T cell receptor. CD16a / FCGR3A on human NK cells is a lysis receptor that mediates the direct killing of some virus infected and tumor cells, independent of antibody ligation.