wound

Blebbistatin ((±)-Blebbistatin) is a selective non-muscle myosin II (NMII) inhibitor. It promotes directional migration of corneal endothelial cells (CECs) and accelerates wound healing. Furthermore it preserves cell junctional integrity and barrier function.Blebbistatin is an inhibitor of MYH9.

Asiatic acid (Dammarolic acid) is the aglycone of asiaticoside used in wound healing with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties.

LCB 03-0110 Dihydrochloride is a potent inhibitor of the c-Src kinase (IC50 = 1.3 nM) and tyrosine kinases in the BTK and SYK family, as well as in the DDR2 family. It inhibits LPS-induced activation of macrophages and TGF-β1-induced activation of fibroblasts in vitro, inhibits activation of macrophages and fibroblasts, and inhibits scarring in wound healing models.

Enfenamic acid is a platelet aggregation inhibitor and with antirheumatic.

Demethyldaphnoretin-7-O-glucoside is a natural product that is isolated from Daphne oleoides Schreber subsp. kurdica (DOK). In Turkish traditional medicine, the aerial parts of DOK have been used to treat malaria, rheumatism and for wound healing.

Tribenoside (BG-356) is a vasoprotectant with mild anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and wound healing properties.

MMP-9-IN-6 is an MMP-9 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 50 μM and good anti-ulcer efficacy.MMP-9-IN-6 has potential anti-tumor activity and can be used to study tissue remodeling, wound repair and atherosclerosis.

Paeonoside, found in P. suffruticosa, is biologically active and can promote wound healing and migration during osteoblast differentiation. Paeonoside has certain antidiabetic activity and may prevent sepsis and death from sepsis. Paeonoside has no cytotoxic effect on preosteoblasts of MC3T3-E1 cells, significantly restores the wound area and promotes cell migration and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and its activity in a dose-dependent manner.

LKKTETQ acetate is the active site in the protein thymosin β4 responsible for wound healing, actin binding and cell migration.

Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) is a thymic hormone with multiple and different intracellular and extracellular activities affecting wound healing, inflammation, fibrosis and tissue regeneration.

Aganepag, a potent Prostanoid EP2 receptor agonist, exhibits remarkable selectivity with an EC50 of 0.19 nM, demonstrating no activity at the EP4 receptor. Its applications are primarily in the fields of wound healing, scar reduction, scar prevention, and the treatment and prevention of wrinkles.

1,4-DPCA is an inhibitor of prolyl-hydroxylase with an IC50 of 2.4 µM for collagen hydroxylation in human foreskin fibroblasts and 60 μM for factor inhibiting HIF (FIH).

GP 1a is a potent agonist of cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) (EC50=7.1), as shown in cAMP, GTPγS and β-arrestin recruitment assays. GP 1a is approximately 30-fold more selective for CB2 receptors than CB1 receptors and increases P-ERK1/2 expression in HL-60 cells in vitro. GP 1a is beneficial for skin wound healing. GP 1a inhibits inflammation and fibrogenesis while promoting epithelial re-formation.

ZINC40099027 is a specific adhesion plaque kinase (FAK) activator that promotes gastric mucosal repair in persistent aspirin-associated gastric injury through activation of adhesion plaque kinase, activates human adhesion plaque kinase by accelerating the enzyme activity of the structural domain of FAK kinase, activates cytosolic FAK, and promotes intestinal epithelial wound closure.

1. Deoxyshikonin (Arnebin 7) may be a new drug candidate for wound healing and treatment of lymphatic diseases. 2. Deoxyshikonin enhances the ability of human dermal lymphatic microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC-dLy) to undergo time-dependent in vitro cord formation. 3. Deoxyshikonin and dodecyl gallate show significantly synergic antimicrobial activity with penicillin in vivo and in vitro, and can effectively reduce nasopharyngeal and lung colonization caused by different penicillin-resistant pneumococcal serotypes.

Shikonin (Anchusa acid) is a natural product, a TMEM16A chloride channel inhibitor (IC50=6.5 μM) and selective PKM2 inhibitor. Shikonin exhibits antitumor, anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities.

G-{d-Arg}-GDSPASSK is a polypeptide that inhibits cell adhesion, facilitates wound healing, and promotes tissue repair [1].

Astragaloside VI could improve wound healing by activating the EGFR/ERK signaling pathway.

Prezatide copper (also known as Bisprezatide copper or Iamin) serves as an inhibitor of hair loss and is recognized for its multiple wound-healing properties as a human growth factor [1].

Traumatic Acid (Dodec-2-Enedioic Acid) is a product of the hydroperoxide lyase pathway in plants. Potential as a wound healing agent that stimulates cell division near a wound site to form a protective callus.

S-(N-Methylsulfinylbutylthiocarbamoyl)-L-cysteine (SFN-Cys) is an isothiocyanate derivative, functioning as an active metabolite of sulforaphane, a class I and II histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, and anticancer agent. This compound is generated from sulforaphane through intermediates - DL-sulforaphane glutathione and sulforaphane cysteinylglycine - via the mercapturic acid pathway enzymes. At a concentration of 20 µM, SFN-Cys diminishes invasion and migration of U87MG and U373 MG glioblastoma cells as observed in wound healing and chamber assays. Furthermore, at 45 µM, it significantly lowers the expression of α-tubulin, βIII-tubulin, stathmin 1, and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), and also reduces cell density in paclitaxel-resistant A549 lung cancer cells (A549/T). Additionally, when used at 30 µM, SFN-Cys prompts apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase in U87MG and U373 MG cells.

Migrastatin is a bacterial metabolite that has been found inStreptomyceswith antimuscarinic and anticancer activities.1,2It binds to M1-5muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (Kis = >200, 200, 31, 43, and >200 μM, respectively) and inhibits calcium mobilization induced by carbamoylcholine in SK-N-SH cells (IC50= 28 μM), as well as in primary rat bladder smooth muscle cells.1Migrastatin inhibits the migration of EC17 esophageal cancer cells in a wound healing assay (IC50= 10 μg/ml) and 4T1 mouse mammary carcinoma cells in a chamber cell migration assay (IC50= 29 μM).2It enhances cytotoxicity induced by vinblastine in vincristine-resistant P388/VCR cells.3

Antibiotic PF 1052 is a fungal metabolite originally isolated from Phoma.1,2 It is active against S. aureus, S. parvulus, and C. perfringens (MICs = 3.13, 0.78, and 0.39 μg/ml, respectively), among others.1 It inhibits neutrophil migration in a wound assay using zebrafish larvae expressing GFP-labeled neutrophils, reducing pseudopodia formation and inducing rounding of neutrophils.2 Antibiotic PF 1052 is selective for neutrophil migration over macrophage migration in zebrafish larvae. It also inhibits the migration of murine neutrophils when used at concentrations of 10 and 20 μM.References Antibiotic PF 1052 is a fungal metabolite originally isolated from Phoma.1,2 It is active against S. aureus, S. parvulus, and C. perfringens (MICs = 3.13, 0.78, and 0.39 μg/ml, respectively), among others.1 It inhibits neutrophil migration in a wound assay using zebrafish larvae expressing GFP-labeled neutrophils, reducing pseudopodia formation and inducing rounding of neutrophils.2 Antibiotic PF 1052 is selective for neutrophil migration over macrophage migration in zebrafish larvae. It also inhibits the migration of murine neutrophils when used at concentrations of 10 and 20 μM. References

Myoseverin, an inducer of the reversible fission of multinucleated myotubes into mononucleated fragments, affecting the expression of a variety of growth factor, immunomodulatory, extracellular matrix-remodeling, and stress response genes, consistent with

Acemannan can produce cell proliferation and skin wound healing through AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

Quercetin-3-O-[(6-caffeoyl)-β-glucopyranosyl (1→3) α-rhamnopyranoside]-7-O-α-rhamnopyranoside, isolated from the aerial parts of the fern Ophioglossum vulgatum L., exhibits wound healing activity [1].

(+/-)-Pinocembrin (NSC-43318), a natural product from axillary pines, is a GPR120 ligand that promotes wound healing in the HaCaT cell line.

Polygalacturonic acid (Galacturonic acid polymer), a transparent colloid, constitutes a significant portion of the cell wall. It is employed in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), serving both as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent to shield cells from the harmful impacts of elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and to expedite wound healing. Additionally, Polygalacturonic acid nanoparticles exhibit antibacterial properties [1] [2].

Plasminogen is a zymogen secreted as a precursor protein that, when cleaved by urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) or tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), is converted into plasmin. Plasmin is a protease with broad specificity, capable of degrading fibrin and various extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Additionally, plasminogen functions as a proinflammatory regulator, promoting the healing of both acute and diabetic wounds. It is utilized in research related to wound healing, inflammation, and hypoplasminogenemia [1] [2].

Vitronectin, a multifunctional glycoprotein found in blood and the extracellular matrix, interacts with glycosaminoglycans, collagen, plasminogen, and the urokinase-receptor, in addition to stabilizing the inhibitory conformation of plasminogen activation inhibitor-1. It is utilized in research related to wound healing and tumor progression [1].

Q-Peptide, an angiopoietin-1 derived peptide (QHREDGS), enhances keratinocyte migration, thereby facilitating wound healing in a diabetic mouse model, and accelerates wound closure [1].

Biotin-labeled Hyaluronan-binding Peptide is a biologically active peptide conjugated with biotin via a C-terminal GGGSK linker. It interacts with the non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA), prominent in the extracellular matrix and on cellular surfaces, involved in processes such as fertilization, embryonic development, wound healing, angiogenesis, leukocyte migration, and cancer metastasis. The peptide impedes HA's interaction with CD44 receptors and curtails T cell proliferation.

Dodecenylsuccinic anhydride (DDSA) can be grafted with collagen hydrogels as a hydrophobic wound dressing to incorporate simvastatin, which has potential application in the treatment of ulcers and prevention of wound infection.

JK-P3 is a pyrazole-based inhibitor of VEGFR-2 (IC50: 7.8 μM). JK-P3 inhibits FGFR 1/3 kinase activity in vitro, but has no effect on FGFR signaling in cell-based assays. The compound blocks wound healing and tube formation in HUVEC without effecting endo

(±)10(11)-EDP ethanolamide is an ω-3 endocannabinoid epoxide and cannabinoid (CB) receptor agonist (EC50s = 0.43 and 22.5 nM for CB1 and CB2 receptors, respectively). It is produced though direct epoxygenation of docosahexaenoyl ethanolamide by cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases. 10,11-EDP epoxide (12.5 and 25 μM) reduces the viability of 143B metastatic osteosarcoma cells. It induces apoptosis and inhibits cell migration in a wound-healing assay in 143B, MG63, and HOS osteosarcoma cells. (±)10(11)-EDP ethanolamide also reduces tube formation by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in a Matrigel assay.

Salazinic acid is a depsidone lichen metabolite that has been found in P. sulcata.1 It is active against B. cereus, B. subtilis, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, S. typhimurium, C. albicans, and A. niger in vitro (MICs = 3.9-30.8 mM). Salazinic acid is cytotoxic to MM98, A431, and HaCaT cells in crystal violet (EC50s = 159, 2,870, and 48 μM, respectively) and neutral red uptake assays (EC50s = 1,925, 1,913, and 907 μM, respectively).2 It increases the wound closure rate in scratch-wounded HaCaT monolayers and increases HaCaT cell migration in a transwell assay when used at a concentration of 30 μM. |1. Candan, M., Yilmaz, M., Tay, T., et al. Antimicrobial activity of extracts of the lichen Parmelia sulcata and its salazinic acid constituent. Z. Naturforsch. C J. Biosci. 62(7-8), 619-621 (2007).|2. Burlando, B., Ranzato, E., Volante, A., et al. Antiproliferative effects on tumour cells and promotion of keratinocyte wound healing by different lichen compounds. Planta. Med. 75(6), 607-613 (2009).

PHD-IN-2 (Compound 91), a potent PHD antagonist with an IC50 of less than 5 nM, effectively stimulates erythropoietin synthesis in HEP3B cells with an EC50 of less than 2.5 μM. It is applicable for research purposes across various medical fields, including cardiovascular, metabolic, hematological, pulmonary, kidney, liver, and wound healing disorders, as well as cancer [1].

Procyanidin A2 is a potential precursor of 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone, exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammary, anti-hyperglycemia, and anti-type 2 diabetes activities. Procyanidin A2 demonstrates liver cell regenerative activity in scratch w

Sodium gualenate (Guaiazulenesulfonate sodium) (Guaiazulenesulfonate sodium), a hydrophilic derivative of guaiazulene (GA), is an unstable compound. It has anti-inflammatory and wound-healing effects.

4',6,7-Trimethoxyisoflavone promotes wound healing through NOX2 induction, which leads to collective migration and MMP activation.

Dermabond is an antibacterial compound that has been used in basic science research for wound healing.

Carbazochrome (Adchnon) is an antihemorrhagic, or hemostatic, agent that will cease blood flow by causing the aggregation and adhesion of platelets in the blood to form a platelet plug, ceasing blood flow from an open wound. It is hoped that this drug can be used in the future for preventing excessive blood flow during surgical operations and the treatment of hemorrhoids, but research on its effectiveness and the severity of possible side effects remains to be fairly inconclusive. Carbazochrome has been investigated for use in the treatment of hemorrhoids in a mixture with troxerutin.

ND-336 is a highly selective inhibitor ofMMP-2, MMP-9 and MMP-14. ND-336 accelerates diabetic wound healing by lowering inflammation and by enhancing angiogenesis and re-epithelialization of the wound.

AY 254 is a potent PAR2 biased agonist. Selectively activates ERK1/2 signaling (EC50= 2 nM for ERK1/2 phosphorylation versus 80 nM for Ca2+release). Reduces cytoKi ne-induced caspase 3/8 activation, promotes scratch-wound healing, and induces IL-8 secretion, in human colorectal cancer (HT29) cellsin vitro.

Poly Vinyl Alcohol (Polyvinyl alcohol) is a water-soluble, biodegradable, wound-healing polymer used in a wide range of biomedical applications.Poly Vinyl Alcohol is commonly used in the manufacture of medical excipients.

Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), an endogenous metabolite, inhibits TNF-α-induced IL-8 secretion in immature epithelial cells, exhibits anti-inflammatory activity, and enhances wound closure [1] [2] [4].

S-72 acts as a microtubule polymerization inhibitor, effective in cell-free assays at concentrations of 1, 3, and 10 µM. At nanomolar levels (IC50s = 15.64 and 26.32 nM, respectively), it diminishes the viability of both MCF-7 and paclitaxel-resistant MCF-7/T breast cancer cells. Moreover, at 50 nM, S-72 impedes migration, invasion, and wound healing in these cell lines. Additionally, at 100 nM, it arrests the cell cycle at the G2/M phase and induces apoptosis in MCF-7/T cells, while also inhibiting stimulator of interferon genes (STING) activation. In vivo, S-72 dosage at 15 mg/kg per day curtails tumor growth in mouse xenograft models of paclitaxel-resistant breast cancer, specifically MCF-7/T and MX-1/T.

15-PGDH-IN-2 (Compound 2) is an inhibitor of 15-PGDH with an IC50 value of 0.274 nM. This compound is useful for research into hair loss, bone formation, gastric ulcer healing, and dermal wound healing [1].

CCG-203971 is an inhibitor of SRE activation in the prostate cancer cell line PC-3 (IC50: 6.4 μM), with 87% inhibition of SRE activation achieved at 100 μM. This compound also inhibits PC-3 cell migration (IC50: 4.2 μM), as determined by a scratch wound assay. CCG-203971(CCG203971) causes no cytotoxicity when evaluated by the WST-1 assay. It is well tolerated in normal mice up to doses of 100 mg/kg given intraperitoneally over five days.

Vaccarin is a major flavonoid glycoside in Vaccariae semen, its biotransformation pathways involves methylation, hydroxylation, glycosylation and deglycosylation.