D-Glucose (Glucopyranose) is a primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.

Bilobalide ((-)-Bilobalide), a bioactive from Gingko Biloba, is active on hypoxia-induced alterations.

Ginkgolide B (BN-52021) is a PAFR antagonist(IC50=3.6 μM) isolated from Ginkgo biloba.

Ginkgolic Acid (Romanicardic acid) C15:1 represses curli genes and prophage genes in EHEC.

1. ISOGINKGETIN (4',4'''-Dimethylamentoflavone), a compound derived from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba, to up-regulate adiponectin secretion with potency comparable to that of rosiglitazone, a known modulator of adiponectin production. 2. Isoginkgetin has anti-tumor activity, the mechanistic basis is splicing inhibition , thus, pre-mRNA splicing inhibitors may represent a novel avenue for development of new anti-cancer agents.3. Isoginkgetin can inhibit tumor cell invasion by regulating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-dependent matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. 4. Isoginkgetin (0.3mg/kg ip for 3d) can reduce the level of O2·- in plasma and erythroeyte and sometimes increase the activity of SOD in anoxic rats, the action being stronger than aspirin.

1. Ginkgetin has anti-influenza virus and anti-fungal activities. 2. Ginkgetin has anti-inflammatory activity, can down-regulates COX-2 induction in vivo against skin inflammatory responses. 3. Ginkgetin is a good STAT3 inhibitor and may be a useful lead

Ginkgolide K induces protective autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signalling pathway. It possesses neuroprotective activity.

Putraflavone possesses a good antioxidant activity via its DPPH free radical scavenging.

Ginno is a natural product Ginkgo biloba L.

Clitorin has free radical scavenging property. It shows significant interactions with CD38, it may have anti-hyperglycemic potential.

Ginkgolide J (BN 52024) has neuroprotective activity, it can prevent A beta(1-42) induced inhibition of long-term potentiation in the CA1 region of mouse hippocampal slices.

Ginkgolide A (BN-52020) is a highly active PAF antagonist cage molecule that is isolated from the leaves of the Ginkgo biloba tree. Shows potential in a wide variety of inflammatory and immunological disorders.

Bilobetin ameliorates insulin resistance by PKA-mediated phosphorylation of PPARα in rats fed a high-fat diet.

Isorhamnetin (3-methylquercetin) is the methylated metabolite of quercetin. Quercetin is an important dietary flavonoid with in vitro antioxidant activity. Isorhamnetin prevents endothelial cell injuries from oxidized LDL via inhibition of lectin-like ox-LDL receptor-1 upregulation, interference of ox-LDL-mediated intracellular signaling pathway (p38MAPK activation, NF-kappaB nuclear translocation, eNOS expression) and the antioxidant activity of isorhamnetin. Isorhamnetin prevents endothelial dysfunction, superoxide production, and overexpression of p47phox induced by angiotensin II. Isorhamnetin appears to be a potent drug against esophageal cancer due to it's in vitro potential to not only inhibit proliferation but also induce apoptosis of Eca-109 cells.

Sciadopitysin may prevent the development of diabetic osteopathy, it exerts its therapeutic effects via upregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis.Sciadopitysin shows protective effects on antimycin A-induced toxicity in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells, it may

Ginkgolic Acid (C13:0) (6-Tridecylsalicylic acid): 0exhibits the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Anacardic Acid (6-pentadecylsalicylic Acid) is an effective inhibitor of p300 and p300/CBP-associated factor histone acetyltranferases. It also has antimicrobial activity, antibacterial activity, and inhibits prostaglandin synthase, lipoxygenase, and tyrosinase.

Cardanol (C15:1), found in cashew nut shell liquid, induces mitochondria-associated apoptosis in human melanoma cells.

4'-O-Methylochnaflavone is a natural product

1. Ginkgolic acid C17:1 can significantly inhibit enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7(EHEC) biofilm formation on the surfaces of polystyrene and glass, and on nylon membranes.

Ginkgolide C (BN-52022), a natural product, can enhance the cardiac function of rats in the body.