[d-arg-1,d-phe5,d-trp7,9,leu11]-substance p

D-Luciferin potassium (D-Luciferin K Salt) is a popular bioluminescent substrate of luciferase in the presence of ATP.

D-Luciferin Sodium is a heterocyclic light-emitting compound and natural ligand for luciferase used to detect cell activity. The salt form of luciferin dissolves in water or other typical buffers.

5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-beta-D-cellobioside is a chromogenic compound used to detect cellobiohydrolases.

4-Methylumbelliferyl β-D-Galactopyranoside-6-sulfate (sodium salt) (4-MU-Gal-6S) is a fluorogenic substrate used to quantify N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulphatase (GALNS) activity. 4-MU-Gal-6S is cleaved by GALNS to release the fluorescent moiety 4-MU. 4-MU fluorescence is pH-dependent with excitation maxima of 320 and 360 nm at low (1.97-6.72) and high (7.12-10.3) pH, respectively, and an emission maximum ranging from 445 to 455 nM, increasing as pH decreases. It has been used to detect Morquio disease type A, a lysosomal storage disorder in which GALNS is deficient. 4-MU-Gal-6S can be used to assess GALNS activity in a very small blood volume to determine the extent of deficiency.

D-Ala-Lys-AMCA TFA is a proton-coupled oligopeptide transporter 1 (PEPT1) substrate characterized by its emission of blue fluorescence. It has been demonstrated through fluorescence analysis that this compound can be transported into liver cancer cells and Caco-2 cells. Its utility extends to the characterization of PEPT1-specific substrates or inhibitors [1] [2].

1,N6-Ethenoadenosine 5'-monophosphate sodium (1,N6-Etheno-AMP sodium), a fluorescent analog of adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP), serves as an effective probe for AMP-related systems due to its detectability at low concentrations. It is characterized by an excitation wavelength range of 250-300 nm and emits at 415 nm [1] [2].

Fluorescein Di-β-D-Glucuronide, a fluorescent probe, enables non-invasive imaging of intestinal bacterial β-glucuronidase activity in nude mice. This compound's utilization for both in vitro and in vivo imaging offers valuable insights into bacterial β-glucuronidase activity, thereby enhancing pharmacodynamic research on its specific inhibitors in animal models [1].

D & C Red no. 31 is an agent of dye.

D-Ala-Lys-AMCA TFA is a known substrate of proton-coupled oligopeptide transporter 1 (PEPT1) that emits blue fluorescence. D-Ala-Lys-AMCA TFA may be transported into Caco-2 cells and liver cancer cells.

6-Chloro-3-indoxyl-α-D-mannopyranoside serves as a chromogenic substrate for the enzyme α-mannosidase, producing a salmon-colored precipitate following enzymatic cleavage.

Purple-β-D-Gal, a chromogenic β-galactosidase substrate, undergoes enzymatic hydrolysis by intracellular β-galactosidase, yielding indoxyl molecules that oxidize and dimerize in situ to form water-insoluble indigo precipitates advantageous for β-galactosidase activity detection [1].

The cell-permeant pH indicator, carboxy SNARF-1, acetoxymethyl ester, acetate (CAS #126208-13-7) has a pKa of ~7.5 after de-esterification, thus is useful for measuring pH changes between pH 7 and pH 8. Carboxy-SNARF-1 exhibits a significant pH-dependent

H-Trp-Phe-Tyr-Ser(PO3H2)-Pro-Arg-pNA serves as a chromogenic substrate for Pin1, an essential and conserved mitotic peptidyl-prolyl isomerase that recognizes phosphoserine-proline bonds in mitotic phosphoproteins [1] [2].

7-Aminoactinomycin D is a fluorescent DNA stain.

D131 is an orange indoline organic dye with an absorption maximum in solution at λ=425 nm [1] [2].

CH3OCO-D-CHA-Gly-Arg-pNA acetate serves as a chromogenic substrate for Factor Xa, as documented in sources [1] [2].

4-Methylumbelliferyl 2-sulfamino-2-deoxy-α-D-Glucopyranoside (4-MU-α-GlcNS) is a fluorogenic substrate of heparin sulphamidase. Heparin sulphamidase cleaves 4-MU-α-GlcNS to yield 4-MU-α-GlcNH2, which is then cleaved by α-glucosaminidase to release the fluorescent product 4-MU, which displays an emission maxima of 445-454 nm. The excitation maxima for 4-MU is pH-dependent: 330, 370, and 385 nm at pH 4.6, 7.4, and 10.4, respectively. 4-MU-α-GlcNS has been used to quantify heparin sulphamidase deficiencies associated with Mucopolisaccaridosis IIIA and other lysosomal disorders.

3-Methyl-8-(2'-deoxy-β-D-ribofuranosyl)isoxanthopterin serves as a pteridine-based fluorescent guanosine analogue and DNA uptake tracer utilized extensively for investigation into DNA binding and dynamics. It exhibits an absorbance peak at 350 nm and a corresponding emission peak at 430 nm [1].

Mca-Lys-Pro-Leu-Gly-Leu-Dap(Dnp)-Ala-Arg-NH2 (FS-6) is a quenched, fluorescent MMP peptide substrate designed for the real-time quantification of MMP enzymatic activity. As an extended variant of the MMP substrate (FS-1), it demonstrates increased specificity against collagenases (MMP-1, MMP-8, MMP-13) and MT1-MMP, evidenced by higher specificity constants (Ex/Em=325 nm/400 nm). [1]

Rose-β-D-Gal, a fluorescent dye, serves as a β-galactosidase substrate, producing a pink/magenta color upon reaction that facilitates the detection of β-gal activity [1] [2].

D&C Red No. 8 is a dye.

5-(6)-Carboxy RhodFluor is a cell-impermeant pH indicator.

5-TAMRA-Amyloid β-Protein (1-40) is a TAMRA-labeled variant of Amyloid β-Protein (1-40), featuring an absorption/emission spectrum at 544/572 nm [1].

4-Nitrophenyl β-D-xylopyranoside serves as a chromogenic substrate for β-xylosidase, facilitating the assessment of enzyme activity.

Arg-Val-(Nle-p-nitro)-Phe-Glu-Ala-Nle-NH2 is a fluorogenic substrate for the HIV-1 protease, facilitating the assessment of enzyme activity [1].

5-FAM-β-Amyloid (1-28) is a fluorescently-labeled peptide corresponding to the first 28 amino acids of the β-Amyloid protein.

4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-D-galactoside (MUG) is a fluorogenic substrate for β-galactosidase (β-gal).1Hydrolysis of MUG by β-gal releases the fluorescent moiety 4-MU, which displays a pH-dependent excitation maximum of 330, 370, and 385 nm at pH 4.6, 7.4, and 10.4, respectively, and an emission maximum between 445-454 nm.2MUG has been used to detect β-gal activity in intact bacteria, yeast, and mammalian cells.1 1.Vidal-Aroca, F., Giannattasio, M., Brunelli, E., et al.One-step high-throughput assay for quantitative detection of β-galactosidase activity in intact Gram-negative bacteria, yeast, and mammalian cellsBiotechniques40(4)433-434(2006) 2.Zhi, H., Wang, J., Wang, S., et al.Fluorescent properties of hymecromone and fluorimetric analysis of hymecromone in compound dantong capsuleJ. Spectrosc.1(1)147128(2013)

Fluorescein di-beta-D-galactopyranoside (FDG) is a fluorescent substrate for the detection of β-galactosidase in kinetoplastids and animals by flow cytometry , λex=485 nm, λem=535 nm.

2-(Naphthalen-1-yl)-5-phenyloxazole (α-NPO) is an organic fluorescent dye with a nitrogen atom within its structure, which may interact with the nitrogen introduced during the amination step [1].

5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-b-D-glucuronide sodium salt is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T64896 and the CAS number is 129541-41-9.

D-Ala-Lys-AMCA is a known substrate of proton-coupled oligopeptide transporter 1 (PEPT1) that emits blue fluorescence. D-Ala-Lys-AMCA may be transported into Caco-2 cells and liver cancer cells.

HKSOX-1, a fluorescent probe designed for the imaging and detection of endogenous superoxide in live cells and in vivo, demonstrates outstanding selectivity and sensitivity towards the superoxide anion radical [1]. For storage, it is important to protect HKSOX-1 from light.

Sodium 2,6-dibromo-4-(3-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-2,2-dioxido-3H-benzo[d][1,2]oxathiol-3-yl)-3-methylphenolate is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T64788 and the CAS number is 62625-32-5.

4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucuronide hydrate (MUG) is a fluorogenic substrat (λex=362 nm , λem=445 nm).

2'-Deoxy-1,N6-ethenoadenosine-5'-O-triphosphate (ε-dATP), a fluorescent derivative of 2’-deoxyadenosine-5’-O-triphosphate (dATP), promotes sister chromatid exchange in stimulated primary mouse spleen T- and B lymphocytes with LPS or concanavalin A at concentrations of 50 to 150 µM. Utilized in ambiguous base pairing investigations within vinyl chloride-induced mutagenesis research, ε-dATP, along with its related compound ε-ATP—which exhibits an emission peak at 415 nm after being excited at 300 nm—contributes to understanding genetic alterations mechanisms.

D & C Red no. 30 is an agent of red dye.

DABCYL-Glu-Arg-Nle-Phe-Leu-Ser-Phe-Pro-EDANS is a fluorescent dye utilized as a fluorogenic substrate for aspartyl proteinase from the human malaria parasite [1]. It requires protection from light during storage.

D&C Red No. 27 Aluminum Lake is a drug and cosmetic synthetic dye. The FDA lists it as a safe additive for drugs and cosmetics as per FDA standards.