α-Glucosidase-IN-4 is a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor with antihypertensive and hypoglycemic activity.

α-Glucosidase-IN-42 (Compound 26), a 9-O-berberrubine carboxylate derivative, exhibits potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 1.61 μM and has potential for use in antidiabetic research [1].

α-Glucosidase-IN-40 (compound 5) serves as a noncompetitive inhibitor of the α-glucosidase enzyme, exhibiting an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 24.62 μM [1].

α-Amylase/α-Glucosidase-IN-6 (compound 5j) serves as a potent dual inhibitor of both α-amylase and α-glucosidase, exhibiting IC50 values of 17.0 µM and 40.1 µM, respectively. It demonstrates anti-hyperglycemic activities [1].

α-Glucosidase-IN-41 (compound 5o), a potent inhibitor of α-glucosidase, induces alterations in the secondary structure of the enzyme, thereby impeding its catalytic function. This compound is utilized in the study of diabetes mellitus [1].

α-Glucosidase-IN-39 is a potent α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitor, exhibiting an IC50 value of 869.06 ppm. It is applicable for use in antidiabetic studies [1].

α-Glucosidase-IN-38 (Compound 11j) is a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor, demonstrating an IC50 of 12.44±0.38 μM, and is significant in the context of Diabetes mellitus (DM) management [1].

α-Glucosidase-IN-37 (Compound 11) moderately inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in macrophages, exhibiting an inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) value of 23.7 μM. Additionally, this compound demonstrates weak inhibitory activity against α-Glucosidase [1].

α-Glucosidase-IN-17 (Compound 12B) is a potent and orally active inhibitor of α-glucosidase, demonstrating antidiabetic activity with an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 3.79 μM [1].

α-Glucosidase-IN-26 (Compound 7i), with an IC50 value of 4.63 µM, functions as an α-glucosidase inhibitor and is utilized in research related to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [1].

α-Glucosidase-IN-27 (compound 8l), an α-glucosidase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 25.78 μM, demonstrates potential for research into type 2 diabetes (D2M) [1].

α-Amylase/α-Glucosidase-IN-4 (compound 5), a dual inhibitor targeting α-amylase (Amylases) and α-glucosidase (Glucosidase), exhibits potent inhibition with IC50 values of 1.10 μM and 0.15 μM respectively. This compound is noted for its potential antidiabetic activity [1].

α-Glucosidase-IN-3 is an oleanolic acid oxime ester derivative targeting α-glucosidase and α-amylase with an IC50 value of 0.35 μM for α-glucosidase.

β-Glucosidase, a pivotal enzyme in cellulose degradation, belongs to the extensive family of glycoside hydrolases. It plays a crucial role in breaking down cellulose in soils and holds promise for assessing biological soil quality [1] [2] [3].

α-Amylase/α-Glucosidase-IN-1 (compound 33) is an effective inhibitor of α-amylase/α-glucosidase with IC 50 s of 2.01, 2.09 μM for α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively. Kinetic studies predict that α-Amylase/α-Glucosidase-IN-1 has the potential of anti hyperglycemia [1].

α-Glucosidase-IN-36 (compound 5g) is a potent inhibitor of α-glucosidase, exhibiting an IC50 value of 6.69 ± 0.18 μM and inhibition constants Ki and Kis of 1.65 μM and 4.54 μM, respectively. It is hypothesized to suppress α-glucosidase activity by interacting with its active site and altering the enzyme's secondary structure. The compound is relevant for use in research on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [1].

α-Glucosidase-IN-29 (compound 19) is an inhibitor of α-glucosidases, exhibiting an IC50 value of 1.21 μM and a Ki of 1.80 μM. This compound is utilized in the research of diabetes and related diseases [1].

α-Glucosidase-IN-25 (Compound (R)-8k) serves as a competitive inhibitor for α-glucosidase, demonstrating an inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) of 1.19μM, making it applicable in anti-diabetic research [1].

α-Amylase/α-Glucosidase-IN-3 (Compound 17) serves as a dual inhibitor targeting both α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase, exhibiting IC50 values of 0.70 μM and 1.10 μM, respectively. It is applicable for type-II diabetes mellitus research [1].

α-Glucosidase-IN-10 (compound 13) is a potent inhibitor of α-glucosidase (IC50: 92.7 μM). α-Glucosidase-IN-10 can be used to study type II diabetes.

α-Glucosidase-IN-13 is an inhibitor of α-glucosidase (IC50: 5.69 μM).

α-Glucosidase-IN-20 (Compound 3B) is a highly effective and orally active inhibitor of α-glucosidase. It exhibits potent anti-diabetic properties, as evidenced by its IC50 value of 3.01 μM [1].

α-Glucosidase-IN-2 (compound 5d) is a potent inhibitor of α-Glucosidase, exhibiting an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 9.48 μM, and functions as an antidiabetic agent [1].

α-Glucosidase-IN-32 (compound f26) is a reversible, noncompetitive inhibitor of α-glucosidase that is orally active and exhibits an IC50 of 3.07 μM. It forms a complex with α-glucosidase via hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions, inducing conformational and secondary structure changes in the enzyme, thereby inhibiting its activity. This compound is utilized in diabetic disease research [1].

α-Glucosidase-IN-18 (7B) is an orally active inhibitor of α-glucosidase, displaying an IC 50 value of 3.96 μM. This compound exhibits antidiabetic properties [1].

α-Glucosidase-IN-9 (compound 7) is a highly potent α-glucosidase inhibitor with an IC50 of 55.6 μM, making it suitable for type II diabetes research [1].

α-Glucosidase-IN-8 (Compound 4k) is a potent, competitive inhibitor of α-glucosidase. It displays an impressive IC50 value of 0.18 μg/mL [1].

α-Glucosidase-IN-11 is a highly permeable competitive inhibitor of α-glucosidase (IC50: 0.56 μM). α-Glucosidase-IN-11 binds to the Trp residue in α-glucosidase and has a regulatory effect on protein folding and can be used for the regulation of blood glucose levels. Topoisomerase II

α-Glucosidase-IN-16 is a highly effective and orally bioavailable inhibitor of α-glucosidase, displaying a remarkable IC50 value of 3.28 μM. This compound demonstrates the ability to significantly decrease blood glucose levels in diabetic rats induced by Streptozotocin. Notably, α-Glucosidase-IN-16 also exhibits noteworthy antidiabetic activity [1].

α-Glucosidase-IN-33 (compound 7c), with an IC50 of 2.39 μM, is a potent inhibitor of α-glucosidase and is relevant in research on type 2 diabetes and hyperglycemia [1].

α-Glucosidase-IN-34 (compound 7f) is a potent inhibitor of α-glucosidase, exhibiting an IC50 of 2.90 μM, and is applicable in research related to type 2 diabetes and hyperglycemia [1].

α-Glucosidase-IN-15 (Compound 14B) exhibits potent inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase, with an IC50 value of 3.34 μM. It possesses antidiabetic properties [1].

α-Glucosidase-IN-21 (Compound 2B) is a highly potent and orally bioavailable inhibitor of α-glucosidase. With an impressive IC50 value of 2.62 μM, this compound exhibits remarkable anti-diabetic properties [1].

α-Glucosidase-IN-24 (Compound 13), an α-Glucosidase inhibitor, exhibits an IC50 value of 451 μM and can be derived from Swertia kouitchensis [1].

Alpha-Glucosidase-IN-19 (Compound 6B) is an orally active alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (IC50: 3.63 μM) with antidiabetic effects.

α-Amylase/α-Glucosidase-IN-2 (compound 5) exhibits strong inhibition activity towards both α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes, with IC 50 values of 13.02 μM and 13.09 μM, respectively. This compound shows promise for investigating diabetic complications [1].

α-Glucosidase-IN-6 is a competitive inhibitor of α-glucosidase (IC50: 5.69 μM) and exhibits potential for anti-diabetic studies.

α-Glucosidase-IN-14 is a potent inhibitor of α-glucosidase (IC50: 5.22 μM).

α-Glucosidase-IN-28 (Compound 18) is an α-glucosidase inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.62 μM and Ki value of 3.93 μM. It interacts with the enzyme's original binding site (OBS) and establishes multiple hydrophobic interactions with adjacent amino acids. This compound is utilized in diabetes and related diseases research [1].

α-Glucosidase-IN-30 (compound 8c) is a potent, orally active competitive inhibitor of α-glucosidase, exhibiting a K i of 40.0 µM and an IC50 of 49.0 µM. It is non-cytotoxic to both cancerous MCF-7 and normal HDF cell lines, rendering it suitable for Type 2 diabetes research [1].

α-Amylase/α-Glucosidase-IN-5 (compound 4l) functions as a dual inhibitor, effectively inhibiting both α-glucosidase (Glucosidase) and α-amylase (Amylases) with IC50 values of 5.96 μM and 1.62 μM, respectively, exhibiting potential for antidiabetic activity [1].

α-Glucosidase-IN-31 (compound R1) is a potent oral α-Glucosidase inhibitor with an IC50 of 10.1 μM, demonstrating significant blood glucose reduction and antidiabetic activity [1].

α-Glucosidase-IN-12 is a potent inhibitor of α-glucosidase (IC50: 10.20 μM).

α-Glucosidase-IN-5 (compound 8) is isolated from a twig extract of Polyalthia cinnamomea which is a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor with an IC50 of 57.9 µM. α-Glucosidase-IN-5 has the potential for the research of diabetes mellitus[1].

α-Glucosidase (α-D-Glucosidase) is a carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzyme that catalyzes the release of α-glucose from the non-reducing end of the substrate. It plays a vital role in facilitating glucose absorption by the small intestine. Inhibiting α-Glucosidase effectively manages non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).