agriculture

Admire is an important compound in the study of pesticides in agriculture.

Diclofop-methyl is a common post-growth herbicide commonly used in agriculture. It enhances proton permeability of isolated oat root vesicle membranes.

Cyfluthrin binds to voltage-sensitive sodium channel such as Nav 1.8 sodium channel and modify their gating kinetics, thereby disrupting nerve function of pests.

1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (Transplantone) , is widely used in agriculture for various purposes. It is a synthetic plant hormone in the auxin family and is an ingredient in many commercial plant rooting horticultural products.

2,3-Butanediol, derived from the bioconversion of natural resources, holds significant potential for various industries, including chemical, cosmetics, agriculture, and pharmaceutical sectors.

Enilconazole is an Agricultural fungicide Enilconazole is a fungicide widely used in agriculture, particularly in the growing of citrus fruits. It is also called Imazalil (Enilconazole), Chloramizole, Freshgard, Fungaflor, and Nuzone

3-Indoleacetic acid sodium (Heteroauxin sodium salt) is a naturally occurring plant hormone of the auxin class. It can stimulate cell elongation and division, promoting plant growth and development. However, at high concentrations, it exhibits growth inhibiting effects, including epinasty and prevention of shoot and root growth. This latter effect formed the basis for which synthetic auxins were developed as herbicides and bioregulators in agriculture.

Imidacloprid is a systemic chloronicotinyl insecticide, which can be effectively used in agriculture to control pests .

Boscalid is a broad-spectrum carboxamide fungicide that inhibits fungal respiration by binding to the ubiquinone site of mitochondrial complex II/succinate dehydrogenase.1It suppresses mycelial growth ofS. minorby 87 to 100% and ofS. sclerotiorumby 77 to 100% when used at a concentration of 1 μg/ml.2In field studies, boscalid applied at 5.6 μg/cm2provides 55.5 and 30.4% disease control for lettuce drop caused byS. minorandS. sclerotiorum, respectively. It decreases cell viability of mouse primary cortical neurons following long-term exposure but is not cytotoxic (LC50= >100 μM for acute and continuous exposure). Formulations containing boscalid have been used in agriculture to prevent fungal growth on crops. 1.Wang, Y., Duan, Y., Wang, J., et al.A new point mutation in the iron-sulfur subunit of succinate dehydrogenase confers resistance to boscalid in Sclerotinia sclerotiorumMol. Plant Pathol.16(7)653-661(2015) 2.Matheron, M.E., and Porchas, M.Activity of boscalid, fenhexamid, fluazinam, fludioxonil, and vinclozolin on growth of Sclerotinia minor and S. sclerotiorum and development of lettuce dropPlant Dis.88(6)665-668(2004)

Diphenylamine hydrochloride, isolated from coriander, has antioxidant properties. In agriculture, it can be used as a fungicide and antibacterial agent; in industry, it can be used as an antioxidant and dye mordant.

Monepantel (AAD1566) is an organic anthelmintic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist from roundworms and esophagostomies that is widely used for de-worming in agriculture and livestock.

Diclofop-methyl is a common post-growth herbicide commonly used in agriculture. It enhances proton permeability of isolated oat root vesicle membranes.

Fenhexamid (Elevate), a sterol biosynthesis inhibitor, shows antifungal activity against the plant pathogenic fungus. Fenhexamid is used for agriculture and is present in measurable amounts in fruits and vegetables.

Tyrosinase-IN-1 (compound 90) is a potent tyrosinase inhibitor with broad potential as a skin-whitening agent and food preservative, applicable in the fields of food, cosmetics, agriculture, and medicine. [1]

TMTD (Tetramethylthiuram disulfide) reduces the growth performance of chickens by reducing liver index, while increasing kidney, heart and spleen index. In addition, TMTD also induces tibial chondrodysplasia (TD) by regulating the expression of VEGF, HIF-1α and WNT4. As a super accelerator in rubber processing, TMTD plays an important role in the low-temperature vulcanization process and is a key pesticide in agriculture.

Pulcherriminic acid, a cyclic dipeptide antimicrobial compound predominantly found in Bacillus and yeast, exhibits a strong affinity for Fe3+. It chelates iron ions via a non-enzymatic reaction, forming the extracellular red pigment pulcherrimin. This pigment competes for iron nutrition, thereby exerting an antibacterial effect. Pulcherriminic acid holds significant potential for applications in the food, agriculture, and medical industries [1] [2].

Tyrosinase-IN-4 (compound 34) is a potent tyrosinase inhibitor with potential applications in food preservation, skin-whitening agents, and the fields of food, cosmetics, agriculture, and medicine[1].

Thiacloprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide that acts as a selective agonist at insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) with IC50values of 2.7 and 860 nM forDrosophilanAChRs and M10 mouse fibroblast cells expressing α4β2 subunit-containing nAChRs, respectively.1It is active against aphids, whiteflies, various species of beetle, andLepidopteraspecies when used at concentrations ranging from 48 to 180 g AI/hectare.2It has anti-estrogenic activity in a yeast estrogen screen and is toxic to adult female houseflies and mice (LD50s = 0.03 and 28 mg/kg, respectively).1,3Formulations containing thiacloprid have been used in the control of insects in agriculture. 1.Tomizawa, M., and Casida, J.E.Selective toxicity of neonicotinoids attributable to specificity of insect and mammalian nicotinic receptorsAnnu. Rev. Entomol.48339-364(2003) 2.Elbert, A., Erdelen, C., Kuhnhold, J., et al.Thiacloprid, a novel neonicotinoid insecticide for foliar applicationProc. Brighton Crop. Prot. Conf. - Pests and Diseases121-26(2000) 3.Westlund, P., and Yargeau, V.Investigation of the presence and endocrine activities of pesticides found in wastewater effluent using yeast-based bioassaysSci. Total Environ.607-608744-751(2017)

cis-8-Dodecen-1-ol is a Grapholita molesta inducer, a sex pheromone component of female Grapholita molesta, commonly used in agriculture.

(S)-Metolachor （(S)-Metolachlor） is a carcinogenic insecticide, a derivative of aniline, and is a frequent subject of research in agriculture and environmental protection.

Metiram is a polymeric dithiocarbamic fungicide used in agriculture. Metiram is now a mixture and is not assigned an ISO name. Metiram is used frequently in the protection of tomatoes, potatoes, apples, grapevines, and other crops.

Chlormequat chloride (EI 38,555), a plant growth regulator, is widely applied in agriculture because it can promote sturdier growth of the crops.

Dihydrozeatin is a plant cytokinin and can be used in agriculture to make plants grow larger.

N6-(m-Methoxybenzyl)adenosine is an adenine nucleoside analog and a cytokinin derivative that can be used in agriculture to study branch growth and reproduction.

Karrikinolide, a phytoreactive compound derived from smoke, holds potential in horticulture, ecological restoration, and agriculture. This compound exhibits regulatory properties by influencing endogenous cytokinin concentrations and stimulating plant growth.

Prohexadione is a plant growth regulator. It inhibits the gibberellin plant hormone biosynthesis enzyme 3β-hydroxylase when used at concentrations of 0.1, 1, and 10 mM. It reduces the shoot length of peanut plants when applied at 0.5, 1.5, and 4.5 kg/hectare. Prohexadione also inhibits jumonji domain-containing 2A (JMJD2A) demethylase when used at a concentration of 1 mM and induces the differentiation of mouse neurospheres into neurons at 1, 1.5, and 2 mM. Formulations containing prohexadione have been used as plant growth regulators in agriculture.

2-Chloroacetamide is a versatile chemical compound with several applications. Acting as a preservative and herbicide, it effectively controls vegetation in upland areas as well as paddy fields. Additionally, it serves as a biocide in diverse sectors including agriculture, glues, paints, and coatings. Notably, 2-Chloroacetamide demonstrates inhibitory properties toward very-long-chain fatty acid elongase, further highlighting its multifaceted nature.

Sodium methanearsonate (Methylarsenic acid, sodium salt) is a common herbicide used in agriculture.

Benzovindiflupyr is a fungicide.1It inhibits mitochondrial complex II, also known as succinate dehydrogenase (SDH; IC50= 5.2 nM), and mycelial growth ofS. sclerotiorum(EC50= 0.011 μg/ml). Benzovindiflupyr (60 μg/ml) completely protects eggplant leaves fromS. sclerotioruminfection. Formulations containing benzovindiflupyr have been used to control various fungal diseases in agriculture. 1.Gao, Y., He, L., Zhu, J., et al.The relationship between features enabling SDHI fungicide binding to the Sc-Sdh complex and its inhibitory activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorumPest Manag. Sci.76(8)2799-2808(2020)