asthma-like

Methacholine Chloride (Acetyl-β-methylcholine chloride) is a quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma.

AZD8848 is a selective antedrug agonist of toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7). It is developed for the research of asthma and allergic rhinitis.

Bamaquimast (L 0042) is a proton pump inhibitor for the study of asthma-like immune system disorders and respiratory diseases.

Fenspiride hydrochloride (Decaspiride) , an oxazolidinone spiro compound, is a drug used in the therapy of certain respiratory diseases. It is approved for use in Russia for the therapy of chronic and acute inflammatory diseases of ENT organs and the respiratory tract (like sinusitis, tracheobronchitis, otitis, laryngitis, and rhinopharyngitis), and for maintenance therapy of asthma.

L48H37 is a chemically stable analog of Curcumin. It exhibits potent inhibitory properties against myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD2), acting as a specific inhibitor. Its mechanism involves inhibiting the interaction and signaling transduction of LPS-TLR4 MD2. L48H37 is primarily utilized in sepsis and lung injury research [1].

HYDAMTIQ, a PARP-1 2 inhibitor (IC 50 : 29-38 nM), exhibits a range of pharmacological effects including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and ischemic protective properties. It effectively reduces pulmonary PARP activity and alleviates symptoms such as allergen-induced cough and dyspnea while also diminishing bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine. Moreover, HYDAMTIQ shows potent tumor suppressor activity in various cancers such as ovarian, breast, prostate, pancreatic, and glioblastoma multiforme. Demonstrating in vivo efficacy, HYDAMTIQ has been tested in animal models for conditions like cerebral ischemia, asthma, and cancer [1].

ARL67156 (FPL 67156) trisodium hydrate is a selective ecto-ATPase inhibitor and a competitive inhibitor of NTPDase1 (CD39), NTPDase3, and NPP1, with K i values of 11, 18, and 12 μM respectively. It is used in research of diseases such as calcific aortic valve disease and asthma [1] [2].

Methacholine bromide (Acetyl-β-methylcholine bromide) is a potent muscarinic-3 (M3) agonist that specifically acts on acetylcholine receptors located on smooth muscle, inducing bronchoconstriction and narrowing of the airways. Its high sensitivity in identifying bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), a hallmark of asthma, makes it useful in the assessment of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) as a diagnostic tool for individuals exhibiting asthma-like symptoms with normal resting expiratory flow rates [1] [2] [3] [4].

CU-T12-9 is a potent TLR1 2 agonist(EC50 of 52.9 nM in HEK-Blue hTLR2 SEAP assay). It acts by activating the NFkB pathway, upregulating proinflammatory cytokines, and enhancing TLR1 and TLR2 dimerization.CU-T12-9 activates both the innate and the adaptive immune systems. CU-T12-9 selectively activates the TLR1 2 heterodimer, not TLR2 6. CU-T12-9 signals through NF-κB and invokes an elevation of the downstream effectors TNF-α, IL-10, and iNOS.

Tirzepatide acts as an agonist for both the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) and G protein-coupled receptor 119 (GPR119), effectively inducing cAMP production in HEK293 cells that express either human GLP-1R or GPR119, with EC50 values of 6.54 and 1.01 nM, respectively. Additionally, at a concentration of 100 nM, it triggers receptor internalization in these cells. In vivo studies demonstrate that tirzepatide, administered at 10 nmol/kg per day, significantly reduces body weight, food intake, as well as plasma and hepatic triglyceride levels, free fatty acids (FFAs), leptin, and blood glucose in mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity. Furthermore, a dose of 50 nmol/kg every three days prevents an increase in eosinophils and lymphocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and inhibits bronchoconstriction prompted by methacholine in mice models of both asthma and diabetes, indicating its potential in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Tirzepatide TFA (LY3298176 TFA), a dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, is under development for type 2 diabetes treatment [1].

Tirzepatide sodium salt (LY3298176 sodium salt) is a GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist with neuroprotective activity and can be used to treat obesity.

Tirzepatide hydrochloride (LY3298176 hydrochloride) is a dual receptor agonist for glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1).

Tirzepatide (LY-3298176) is a dual agonist of glucose-dependent polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor with neuroprotective activity for the study of diabetes and obesity.

Tirzepatide (LY3298176) Acetate (2023788-19-2 free base) is a new molecule that can control blood glucose levels by combining dual agonism of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors.[3]