c18 globotriaosylceramide (d18:1/18:0)

C18 globotriaosylceramide is an endogenous sphingolipid found in mammalian cell membranes that is synthesized from lactosylceramide . It inhibits aggregation of human neutrophils induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; 10008014) when used at a concentration of 1 μM. C18 globotriaosylceramide acts as a receptor for Shiga toxin in B cell-derived Raji cells and THP-1 monocytes. It accumulates in the brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, and spleen in a mouse model of Fabry disease, a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by a deficiency in the enzyme α-galactosidase A. C18 globotriaosylceramide also accumulates in endothelial cells, pericytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, renal epithelial cells, dorsal ganglia neuronal cells, and myocardial cells in patients with Fabry disease.

Genipin 1-β-D-gentiobioside is a natural product for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T4S2299 and the CAS number is 29307-60-6.

Ethyl 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-oxo-6-(4-(2-oxopiperidin-1-yl)phenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-3-carboxylate has an inhibitory effect on coagulation factor Xa, and it can be used in the study of thrombophlebitis, atherosclerosis, cerebral embolism, stroke and pulmonary embolism.

1-{1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}piperazine dihydrochloride (1-PPZ-DHC) is a compound used as a molecular structural unit. It is an analog of the natural product piperazine and has a wide range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and antibacterial activities. It has also been studied for the treatment of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.

Questiomycin A derivatives 18 TFA is A Questiomycin A derivative with antibacterial and anticancer activity and inhibition of the expression of the cell-protective ER chaperone protein GRP78.

Cyclopenta[c][1]benzopyran-8-ol, 1,2,3,3a,4,9b-hexahydro-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-, (3aR,4S,9bS)-rel- is an estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) agonist.

Kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucosyl(1-2)rhamnoside is a natural peoduct isolated from Arabian jasmine

D-JNKI-1 acetate (AM-111 acetate) is a highly potent and cell-permeable peptide inhibitor of JNK.

2H-Naphth[2′,1′:4,5]indeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole, pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione deriv showed high local anti-inflammatory potency and high lung selectivity when tested on Sprague Dawley rats.

DDRI-18 is a novel small molecule inhibitor that regulates the DNA damage response with sensitizing and anticancer activities, inhibits non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) DNA repair and enhances the cytotoxicity of anticancer DNA damage compounds.

(2S)-1-O-p-coumaroyl-2-O-acetyl-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosylglycerol is a useful research compound for many research applications, including the fields of chemistry and life sciences, among others.

1-beta-D-Arabinofuranosylthymine (Thymine 1-β-D-arabinofuranoside) is a purine nucleoside analog. Purine nucleoside analogs have a broad spectrum of antitumor activity, targeting inert lymphoid malignancies and inducing apoptosis.1-beta-D-Arabinofuranosylthymine's anticancer mechanism is dependent on the inhibition of DNA synthesis.1-beta-D-Arabinofuranosylthymine is a purine nucleoside analog.

(25R)-3β,17α-dihydroxy-5α- spirostan-6-one3-O-α-L- rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β- D-glucopyranoside is a natural product isolated from the bulbs of Lilium brownii var. viridulum.

MLCK inhibitor peptide 18 acetate is a selective competitive inhibitor of myosin light chain kinase (IC50 = 50 nM). Displays 4000-fold selectivity over CaM kinase II and does not inhibit PKA. Cell permeable.

IRBP acetate(211426-18-5 free base) (Interphotoreceptor Retinoid Binding Protein Fragment IRBP) is a 20-residue peptide, which is a major pathogenic epitope. It exists in the first homologous repeat of interstitial visual pigment Binding Protein peptide (IRBP 161-180) and can induce post-uveitis (EAU).

C-Type Natriuretic Peptide (CNP) (1-22), human acetate is an agonist of natriuretic peptide receptor B (NPR-B), an endothelial-derived relaxant and growth inhibitory factor. C-Type Natriuretic Peptide (CNP) (1-22), human acetate inhibits cAMP synthesis stimulated by histamine and 5-HT or directly by Forskolin.

3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-7-(methylsulfanyl)-1H,2H,3H,4H-pyrimido[4,5-d][1,3]diazin-4-one is a compound that has been extensively investigated for the treatment of a variety of disorders including tumors, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, anti-inflammatory drugs, and analgesic agents.

Tripeptide-1 Acetate is a biologically active peptide

1-(4-(4-(8-oxa-3-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl)-3-(pyridin-4-yl)urea is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T67700 and the CAS number is 1144075-47-7.

c-Fms-IN-1 is an inhibitor of c-FMS kinase (IC50 = 0.8 nM).

1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-yl 8-methoxy-6-nitrophenanthro[3,4-d][1,3]dioxole-5-carboxylate is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences and the catalog number is T72065.

AP-18 is a potent and selective TRPA1 inhibitor. AP-18 inhibits activation of TRPA1 induced by 50 μM Cinnamaldehyde with an IC50 of 3.1 μM and 4.5 μM for human and mouse TRPA1, respectively. AP-18 could reverse complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced mechanical hyperalgesia in mice. AP-18 could attenuate Yo-Pro uptake induced by 30 μM AITC in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50= 10.3 μM).

USP30 inhibitor 18 is a selective USP30 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.02 μM. USP30 inhibitor 18 increases protein ubiquitination and accelerates mitophagy[1]. [1]. Arthur F Kluge, et al. Novel highly selective inhibitors of ubiquitin specific protease 30 (USP30) accelerate mitophagy. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2018 Aug 15;28(15):2655-2659.

C-Type Natriuretic Peptide (CNP) (1-22), human is the 1-22 fragment of C-Type Natriuretic Peptide.

Complement factor D-IN-1 is an effective and selective small-molecule reversible factor d inhibitor (IC50s: 0.006 and 0.05 μM in FD Thioesterolytic Fluorescent Assay and a MAC Deposition Assay, respectively).

C12 Galactosylceramide is a bioactive sphingolipid. It inhibits IL-4 production by 53.84% in EL4 T cells when used at a concentration of 10 μM. C12 Galactosylceramide reduces the growth of human papillomavirus type 16-associated tumors in mice and reduces tumor recurrence following surgical removal or chemotherapy. It also reduces natural killer T cell activity, delays the onset of proteinuria, and improves survival in a mouse model of systemic lupus.

VEGFR-2/c-Met-IN-1 is a dual inhibitor targeting VEGFR-2 and c-Met with respective IC50 values of 138 nM and 74 nM, demonstrating antitumor activity [1].

Compound 18 (compound 8b), a nitrofuran derivative, exhibits potent in vitro trypanocidal activity, with an IC50 value of 0.03 μM [1].

Acetyl-(D-Phe2,Lys15,Arg16,Leu27)-VIP(1-7)-GRF(8-27) is a selective antagonist [1] for the vasoactive intestinal peptide 1 (VIP 1) receptor.

Compound 1, known as 6′-O-β-D-Glucopyranosylphlorigidoside C, is an iridoid glycoside extractable from the plant Lamiophlomis rotata [1].

18-O-Demethylpederin, a pederin analogue, is a natural polyketide first isolated from Paederus. This compound is a non-protein insect toxin and exhibits a range of biological activities, such as antibacterial, antiviral, and antitumor properties [1].

Hederagenin 28-O-{β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester}3-O-{α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl} is a saponin known for its antitumor and anti-inflammatory properties [1].

C17 Ceramide is a synthetic ceramide that contains a non-natural C17:0 fatty acid acylated to sphingosine. It has been used as a marker of arylsulfatase A and sphingolipid activator B activity in patients undergoing enzyme replacement therapy for the genetic disease metachromatic leukodystrophy.

C22 Glucosylceramide (d18:1/22:0) is an endogenous glucosylceramide. Glucosylceramides are major constituents of skin lipid membranes where they play a role in maintaining the water permeability barrier. They are precursors in the synthesis of lactosylceramide , as well as oligoglycolipids and gangliosides. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) type XIIA knockdown increases C22 glucosylceramide (d18:1/22:0) expression in rat brain. It is also increased in the brain, but not the liver or spinal cord, of mice fed a methionine-restricted diet. In human athletes, plasma levels of C22 glucosylceramide (d18:1/22:0) increase during exercise and return to basal levels during recovery. This product contains C22 glucosylceramide (d18:1/22:0) isolated from bovine buttermilk.

C8 Galactosylceramide is a synthetic C8 short-chain derivative of known membrane microdomain-forming sphingolipids. It increases the amount delivered and toxicity of doxorubicin in cancerous but not non-cancerous cells when incorporated into the nanoliposomal membrane of nanoliposomal-doxorubicin. C8 Galactosylceramide induces proliferation and cytokine production by splenocytes in vitro at concentrations ranging from 100-1,000 ng/ml but has no effect on natural killer T cell production in vivo. It also activates NF-κB production in C6 glioma cells when used at a concentration of 10 μM.

α-D-Glucose-1-phosphate is an intermediate in glycogen metabolism.1,2It is a precursor in the biosynthesis of UDP-glucose, the glucose donor in glycogen biosynthesis.2α-D-Glucose-1-phosphate can be formed during glycogen breakdownviaphosphorolytic cleavage of glycogen by glycogen phosphorylase.1It can be converted to glucose-6-phosphate by phosphoglucomutase. α-D-Glucose-1-phosphate is combined with CTP by α-D-glucose-1-phosphate cytidylyltransferase to form CDP-glucose in the first step of CDP-D-tyvelose biosynthesis inS. typhi.3Bacterial sucrose phosphorylase converts sucrose and phosphate into D-fructose and α-D-glucose-1-phosphate.4 1.Berg, J.M., Tymoczko, J.L., and Stryer, L.Glycogen breakdown requires the interplay of several enzymesBiochemistry(2002) 2.Berg, J.M., Tymoczko, J.L., and Stryer, L.Glycogen is synthesized and degraded by different pathwaysBiochemistry(2002) 3.Koropatkin, N.M., and Holden, H.M.Molecular structure of ɑ-D-glucose-1-phosphate cytidylyltransferase from Salmonella typhiJ. Biol. Chem.279(42)44023-44029(2004) 4.Goedl, C., Schwarz, A., Minani, A., et al.Recombinant sucrose phosphorylase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides: Characterization, kinetic studies of transglucosylation, and application of immobilised enzyme for production of ɑ-Ｄ-glucose 1-phosphateJ. Biotechnol.129(1)77-86(2007)

N-Acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate disodium (GlcNAc-1-P), an anomeric sugar phosphate, plays a crucial role as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of N-linked glycoproteins. Additionally, it serves as a metabolic precursor for the synthesis of bacterial cell-wall components, particularly teichoic acid and murein [1].

Sphingomyelins are complex membrane lipids composed of phosphorylcholine, sphingosine, and an acylated group, such as a fatty acid. Lysosphingomyelin is a naturally-occurring lipid which is produced by the removal of the acylated group of sphingomyelin by a deacylase. Lysosphingomyelin may, in turn, serve as a substrate for autotaxin, which removes choline to produce sphingosine-1-phosphate. The receptors and signaling pathways that are activated by lyso-sphingosine are diverse and vary between cell types. Lysosphingomyelin occurs naturally in plasma, is a constituent of lipoproteins, and is increased in some diseases, including dermatitis and Niemann-Pick disease.

5-Phospho-D-ribose 1-diphosphate (PRPP) is a natural intermediate involved in the pentose phosphate pathway leading to purine, pyrimidine, and histidine metabolism. It is also an intermediate in the synthesis of plant hormones, alkaloids, and other secondary metabolites from glucose. Several phosphoribosyltransferases (PRTases) use PRPP as a substrate to add a 5-phosphoribosyl group to another substrate, as in the production of adenosine monophosphate from adenine and PRPP by adenine PRTase. N/A

C26 Sphingomyelin is a sphingolipid that has been found in serum and cell or brain extracts.1,2,3C26 sphingomyelin levels are increased in the serum of patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, an inflammatory condition characterized by excessive immune activation.3C26 sphingomyelin has been used a component of monolayers to study the influence of sphingomyelin acyl chain length on sphingomyelin-sterol interactions.4[Matreya, LLC.] 1.Wang, J.-R., Zhang, H., Yau, L.D., et al.Improved sphingolipidomic approach based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and multiple mass spectrometries with application to cellular neurotoxicityAnal. Chem.86(12)5688-5696(2014) 2.Willmann, J., Mahlstedt, K., Leibfritz, D., et al.Characterization of sphingomyelins in lipid extracts using a HPLC-MS-offline-NMR methodAnal. Chem.79(11)4188-4191(2007) 3.Jenkins, R.W., Clarke, C.J., Lucas, J.T., Jr., et al.Evaluation of the role of secretory sphingomyelinase and bioactive sphingolipids as biomarkers in hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosisAm. J. Hematol.88(11)E265-E272(2013) 4.Li, X.M., Momsen, M.M., Brockman, H.L., et al.Sterol structure and sphingomyelin acyl chain length modulate lateral packing elasticity and detergent solubility in model membranesBiophys. J.85(6)3788-3801(2003)

C22 dihydro 1-Deoxyceramide (m18:0/22:0) is a very long-chain atypical ceramide containing a 1-deoxysphinganine backbone. 1-Deoxysphingolipids are formed when serine palmitoyltransferase condenses palmitoyl-CoA with alanine instead of serine during sphingolipid synthesis.1,2 C22 dihydro 1-Deoxyceramide (m18:0/22:0) has been found in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) following application of 1-deoxysphinganine alkyne or 1-deoxysphinganine-d3.3 It has also been found as the most prevalent dihydro deoxyceramide species in mouse brain, spinal cord, and sciatic nerve at one, three, and six months of age.4 |1. Steiner, R., Saied, E.M., Othman, A., et al. Elucidating the chemical structure of native 1-deoxysphingosine. J. Lipid Res. 57(7), 1194-1203 (2016).|2. Alecu, I., Othman, A., Penno, A., et al. Cytotoxic 1-deoxysphingolipids are metabolized by a cytochrome P450-dependent pathway. J. Lipid Res. 58(1), 60-71 (2017).|3. Alecu, I., Tedeschi, A., Behler, N., et al. Localization of 1-deoxysphingolipids to mitochondria induces mitochondrial dysfunction. J. Lipid. Res. 58(1), 42-59 (2017).|4. Schwartz, N.U., Mileva, I., Gurevich, M., et al. Quantifying 1-deoxydihydroceramides and 1-deoxyceramides in mouse nervous system tissue. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 141, 40-48 (2019).

Ophiogenin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (Ophiogenin-3-O-alpha-L-rhaMnopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside) is a natural product, and has good pharmacological effects on the cardiovascular system.

PAF C-18 is a naturally occurring phospholipid produced upon stimulation through two distinct pathways known as the remodeling and 'de novo' pathways. It is less potent than PAF C-16 in the induction of platelet aggregation

1,4-Dihydroxy-2-carbomethoxy-3-prenylnaphthalene-1-O-beta-glucopyranoside may have DNA topoisomerases I and II inhibitory activity and cytotoxicity.

18-Oxocortisol is a cortisol derivative generated by aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2). It acts as a naturally occurring mineralocorticoid agonist and serves as a biomarker in adrenal vein sampling.

Borneol 7-O-[beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside is a natural product from Radix ophiopogonis.

1''-Methoxyerythrinin C is a natural product for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is TN2550 and the CAS number is 221002-11-5.

7(18)-Dehydroschisandro A (Compound 2), a lignan isolated from Schizandra chinensis Baill, exhibits inhibitory effects on stress-induced gastric ulcers [1].

(±)18-HETE is the racemic version of a cytochrome P450 (CYP450) metabolite of arachidonic acid. When formed by the CYP2E1 isoform, 18-HETE is comprised 100% of the (R) isomer. 18(R)-HETE dose-dependently stimulates vasodilation of the rabbit kidney, whereas 18(S)-HETE does not affect perfusion pressure. 18-HETE has negligible effects on ATPase activity. 18(R)-HETE at 1 μM completely blocks 20-HETE-induced vasoconstriction of renal arterioles.

SHP2-IN-18 (compound 183) is a potent SHP2 inhibitor, exhibiting an IC50 of 3 nM and applicable to glioblastoma research [1].