celecoxib

Celecoxib (SC 58635) is a Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug. The mechanism of action of celecoxib is as a Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor.

Celecoxib carboxylic acid is an inactive metabolite of the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib .1,2It is formed from celecoxib primarily by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform CYP2C9. 1.Liu, H., Huang, X., Shen, J., et al.Inhibitory mode of 1,5-diarylpyrazole derivatives against cyclooxygenase-2 and cyclooxygenase-1: Molecular docking and 3D QSAR analysesJ. Med. Chem.45(22)4816-4827(2002) 2.Kim, S.-H., Kim, D.-H., Byeon, J.-Y., et al.Effects of CYP2C9 genetic polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of celecoxib and its carboxylic acid metaboliteArch. Pharm. Res.40(3)382-390(2017)

Celecoxib carboxylic acid acyl-β-D-glucuronide is a phase II metabolite of celecoxib . Celecoxib is an anti-inflammatory compound from the diaryl heterocycle class that selectively inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2; IC50s = 22.9 and 0.05 μM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively). Celecoxib carboxylic acid acyl-β-D-glucuronide is a minor metabolite, accounting for 2% of the administered dose in human urine and rat bile.

Demethyl celecoxib is a selective inhibitor of COX-2 with anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 of 32 nM). with anti-inflammatory activities. Desmethyl Celecoxib is an analog of Celecoxib and with the optimal yield of 75%.

Hydroxy celecoxib, an inactive metabolite of celecoxib, is synthesized through the metabolism of celecoxib by cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms CYP2C9, CYP3A4, and CYP2D6 in human liver microsomes.

2,5-dimethyl Celecoxib is a derivative of celecoxib that does not inhibit COX-2 (IC50 = >100 μM).1 It does inhibit microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) in HeLa cells (IC50 = 15.6 μM) and reduces prostaglandin E2 production in HeLa, A549, and HCA-7 cells (IC50s = 0.64, 0.83, and 3.08 μM, respectively).2 It inhibits proliferation of drug-sensitive RPMI8226 and multidrug-resistant 8226/Dox40 multiple myeloma cells, as well as increases the rate of apoptosis when used at concentrations of 20 and 30 μM.3 2,5-dimethyl Celecoxib reduces the expression of survivin, cyclin A, cyclin B, MEK1, and MEK2 in 8226/Dox40 cells. The antiproliferative effect of 2,5-dimethyl celecoxib is independent of mPGES-1 inhibition.2References1. Zhu, J., Song, X., Lin, H.-P., et al. Using cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors as molecular platforms to develop a new class of apoptosis-inducing agents. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 94(23), 1745-1757 (2002).2. Wobst, I., Schiffmann, S., Birod, K., et al. Dimethylcelecoxib inhibits prostaglandin E2 production. Biochem. Pharmacol. 76(1), 62-69 (2008).3. Kardosh, A., Soriano, N., Liu, Y.-T., et al. Multitarget inhibition of drug-resistant multiple myeloma cell lines by dimethyl-celecoxib (DMC), a non-COX-2 inhibitory analog of celecoxib. Blood 106(13), 4330-4338 (2005). 2,5-dimethyl Celecoxib is a derivative of celecoxib that does not inhibit COX-2 (IC50 = >100 μM).1 It does inhibit microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) in HeLa cells (IC50 = 15.6 μM) and reduces prostaglandin E2 production in HeLa, A549, and HCA-7 cells (IC50s = 0.64, 0.83, and 3.08 μM, respectively).2 It inhibits proliferation of drug-sensitive RPMI8226 and multidrug-resistant 8226/Dox40 multiple myeloma cells, as well as increases the rate of apoptosis when used at concentrations of 20 and 30 μM.3 2,5-dimethyl Celecoxib reduces the expression of survivin, cyclin A, cyclin B, MEK1, and MEK2 in 8226/Dox40 cells. The antiproliferative effect of 2,5-dimethyl celecoxib is independent of mPGES-1 inhibition.2 References1. Zhu, J., Song, X., Lin, H.-P., et al. Using cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors as molecular platforms to develop a new class of apoptosis-inducing agents. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 94(23), 1745-1757 (2002).2. Wobst, I., Schiffmann, S., Birod, K., et al. Dimethylcelecoxib inhibits prostaglandin E2 production. Biochem. Pharmacol. 76(1), 62-69 (2008).3. Kardosh, A., Soriano, N., Liu, Y.-T., et al. Multitarget inhibition of drug-resistant multiple myeloma cell lines by dimethyl-celecoxib (DMC), a non-COX-2 inhibitory analog of celecoxib. Blood 106(13), 4330-4338 (2005).

Osu03012 (AR-12) is an orally bioavailable, small-molecule, celecoxib-derived inhibitor of phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1) with potential antineoplastic activity.

COX-2-IN-7 (compound 4a) is a potent, selective, and orally active COX-2 inhibitor which is higher selectivity than Celecoxib with an IC 50 value of 6.585 uM. COX-2-IN-7 has good anti-inflammatory and low ulcerogenic activity in vivo[1].

COX-2-IN-18 (Compound 3) is a highly effective COX-2 inhibitor with strong inhibitory activity against COX-2 (IC 50 = 0.775 μM). Its potency is comparable to the reference drug Celecoxib (IC 50 = 0.153 μM). This compound, COX-2-IN-18, shows promise in the field of cancer research [1].

COX-2/5-LOX-IN-1 (compound 3a), a benzothiophen-2-yl pyrazole carboxylic acid derivative, is a potent and dual inhibitor of COX-2 / 5-LOX. It exhibits superior analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties compared to Celecoxib and Indomethacin. COX-2/5-LOX-IN-1 displays strong inhibitory activity against COX-1, COX-2, and 5-LOX, with IC50 values of 12.13 μM, 0.4 μM, and 4.96 μM, respectively [1].

COX-2-IN-9 is a selective, potent, orally active COX-2 inhibitor (IC50: 10.17 μM).COX-2-IN-9 has a higher COX-2 selectivity than Celecoxib.COX-2-IN-9 exhibits good in vivo anti-inflammatory activity and low ulcerogenic effect.

R-130823 is a ighly selective inhibition against mitogen-activated protein kinase p38alpha (IC50=22 nM). The release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, -6 and -8 was inhibited in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human blood pretreated by R-130823 , with IC50 values of 0.089, 0.066, 0.95 and 0.16 microM, respectively. R-130823 reduced the established hind paw swelling in rat adjuvant-induced arthritis, while methotrexate showed no suppression. In the same model, R-130823 ameliorated adjuvant-induced hyperalgesia with rapid onset and long duration comparable to a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, celecoxib.

Parecoxib is a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor used for the short-term treatment of postoperative pain in adults. Parecoxib is a water-soluble and injectable prodrug of valdecoxib. Parecoxib is a COX2 selective inhibitor in the same category as celecoxib and r

COX-2/5-LOX-IN-2 is a benzothiophen-2-ylpyrazole carboxylic acid derivative. COX-2/5-LOX-IN-2 (5b) inhibited both COX-2 and 5-LOX. The IC50s of COX-2/5-LOX-IN-2 inhibiting COX-1, COX-2 and 5-LOX were 5.40, 0.01 and 1.78 μM, respectively. COX-2/5-LOX-IN-2 showed more analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities than Celecoxib and Indomethacin.

COX-2-IN-8 (Compound 6a) is a potent, selective, orally active COX-2 inhibitor (IC50: 6.585 μM) with a higher COX-2 selectivity than Celecoxib.