cellulose

Cellulose can be used as an excipient. Pharmaceutical excipients, or pharmaceutical auxiliaries, refer to other chemical substances used in the pharmaceutical process other than pharmaceutical ingredients. Pharmaceutical excipients generally refer to inactive ingredients in pharmaceutical preparations, which can improve the stability, solubility and processability of pharmaceutical preparations. Pharmaceutical excipients also affect the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) processes of co-administered drugs [1] .

Methylcellulose, a natural polymer, is non-toxic and forms gels upon heating.

Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) is a derivative of cellulose with both water solubility and organic solubility, it is used as food additive and sieving matrix for DNA separations.

Hydroxyethyl cellulose (2-Hydroxyethyl cellulose) is a nonionic water-soluble modified cellulose polymer used as a thickener in water-soluble cosmetics and personal care formulations.

Potassium clavulanate cellulose is a mixture of potassium clavulanate and cellulose, is an inhibitor of beta-lactamase.

Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) (Viscosity:800-1200 mPa.s) is a water-soluble cellulose, commonly used as a co-solvent in animal experiments, and is essentially non-toxic to animals.

Hypromellose (HPMC) is a water-soluble hydrophilic, non-ionic cellulose ether.

Levulinic acid (4-Oxovaleric acid), derived from the degradation of cellulose, is a precursor for the synthesis of biofuels, such as ethyl levulinate.

Xylan, the primary hemicellulose component, is found in the secondary cell walls of flowering plants.

Levoglucosan (1,6-anhydro-b-D-Glucose) is an anhydrohexose that is the 1,6-anhydro-derivative of beta-D-glucopyranose. It is formed from the pyrolysis of carbohydrates, such as starch and cellulose. Levoglucosan can also be utilized in the synthesis of chiral polymers such as unhydrolysable glucose polymers. Levoglucosan is also produced via caramelization of sugar. Consumption of caramel or caramel-containing sweets can lead to a short-term 5X increase in urinary levels of levoglucosan (from 20 uM/mM creatinine to 100 uM/mM creatinine).

Acetylsulfamerazine (N-Acetylsulfamerazine) is a secondary metabolite of sulphamethazine, which has a slight inhibitory effect on cellulose digestion and rumen endocrine activity, and has anti-microbial activity.

Acetobixan is a cellulose synthesis inhibitor.

D-(+)-Cellotetraose, also known as Cellotetraose, is a primary hydrolysis product of cellulose [1].

Cellohexaose, a glucose polymer, is derived from the breakdown of cellulose and comprises a condensation of beta (1-4) linked D-glucose monomers, containing two or more glucose units [1].

C.I. Vat Yellow 4 is a viscous orange liquid. Used for coloring of cotton, wool and cellulose acetate.

Fluopipamine, an antagonist of Cellulose Synthase 1 (CESA1) with an IC50 of 0.78 μM, reduces glucose uptake into cellulose and causes hyperaccumulation of CESAs at the PM in etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings [1].

Cys-pexiganan, a derivative of pexiganan with an added N-terminal cysteine, is an antimicrobial peptide effective against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 64 and 16 µg/ml, respectively. Its conjugation to cellulose acetate-incorporated polyvinyl alcohol electrospun mats enhances the clotting of isolated recalcified human plasma.

Levulinic-d5 Acid is a deuterated compound of Levulinic Acid. Levulinic Acid has a CAS number of 123-76-2. Levulinic acid, derived from the degradation of cellulose, is a precursor for the synthesis of biofuels, such as ethyl levulinate.

Xanthan gum, a microbial polysaccharide produced by *Xanthomonas campestris*, has a cellulose backbone of β-(1-4)-linked glucose units with a trisaccharide side chain of mannose-glucuronic acid-mannose attached to every other glucose unit. Some terminal mannose units are pyruvated, and some internal mannose units are acetylated. Due to its unique rheology and gelling properties, it is widely used as a food additive, thickener, and stabilizer in the food and petroleum industries.

CESTRIN is a cellulose synthase trafficking probe that acts by inhibiting cellulose deposition and interferes with the trafficking of cellulose synthase complexes and their associated proteins KORRIGAN1 and POM2/CSI1.

JG-2016, as a small molecule histone acetyltransferase 1 (HAT1) inhibitor, inhibits the growth of human cancer cell lines, inhibits enzyme activity in cellulose, and interferes with tumor growth.

Cellulase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of certain linkages in cellulose.

Cellopentaose is a cellulose-derived penta-oligosaccharide [1].

Xylotetraose, a hydrolysis product of xylan, is a polysaccharide composed mainly of β-D-xylose units linked similarly to cellulose.