clonidine

Clonidine (Kapvay) is a centrally active alpha-adrenergic agonist used predominantly as an antihypertensive agent, usually in combination with other agents. Despite wide-scale use for many years, clonidine has not been linked definitively to either serum aminotransferase elevations or clinically apparent liver injury.

Clonidine hydrochloride (Catapres) is a centrally active α-adrenergic agonist used predominantly as an antihypertensive agent.

Clonidine-d4 Hydrochloride is a deuterated compound of Clonidine Hydrochloride. Clonidine Hydrochloride has a CAS number of 4205-91-8. Clonidine is a centrally active alpha-adrenergic agonist used predominantly as an antihypertensive agent, usually in combination with other agents. Despite wide scale use for many years, clonidine has not been linked definitively to either serum aminotransferase elevations or clinically apparent liver injury.

Phentolamine mesylate (Phentolamine methanesulfonate) is a nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist used to treat hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of [RAYNAUD DISEASE] and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.

Apraclonidine hydrochloride (ALO 2145) is an α2-adrenergic agonist and a weak α-1 adrenergic receptor agonist. Apraclonidine hydrochloride lowers intraocular pressure in human eyes and can be used in studies about glaucoma therapy.

Piclonidine is a bioactive chemical.

Apraclonidine (ALO 2145) is a selective α2 and weak α1 receptor agonist that effectively lowers intraocular pressure (IOP) in human eyes. Apraclonidine is a topical ophthalmic solution [1] [2].

Apraclonidine (ALO 2145) dihydrochloride is a selective α2 and weak α1 receptor agonist that effectively reduces intraocular pressure (IOP) in the eyes. It is available as a topical ophthalmic solution [1] [2].

Unifiram is a nootropic agent.1It increases acetylcholine (ACh) release in the rat cerebral cortexin vivoand induces a long-lasting increase in the amplitude of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) in the rat hippocampal CA1 region (EC50= 27 nM). It does not bind to serotonin (5-HT), dopamine, muscarinic, nicotinic, adrenergic, glutamate, histamine, opioid, or GABA receptors at 1 μM. Unifiram (0.1 mg kg) improves memory in non-memory-impaired rats in a social learning test.2It also prevents memory deficits induced by the anticholinergic agent scopolamine, nicotinic receptor antagonist mecamylamine, GABABreceptor agonist baclofen, or α2-adrenergic receptor agonist clonidine in the passive avoidance test in mice when administered at a dose of 0.01 mg kg and prevents memory deficits induced by the AMPA kainate glutamate receptor antagonist NBQX at 0.1 mg kg.1 1.Romanelli, M.N., Galeotti, N., Ghelardini, C., et al.Pharmacological characterization of DM232 (unifiram) and DM235 (sunifiram), new potent cognition enhancersCNS Drug Rev.12(1)39-52(2006) 2.Ghelardini, C., Galeotti, N., Gualtieri, F., et al.The novel nootropic compound DM232 (unifiram) ameliorates memory impairment in mice and ratsDrug Develop. Res.56(1)23-32(2002)

Wy 27127 is an alpha 2-adrenoceptors antagonist that has estimated potency based on ability to block clonidine-induced inhibition of electrically-evoked contractions of the rat isolated vas deferens.

Medetomidine (Domtor) is a potent, highly selective α2-adrenoceptor agonist, demonstrating Ki values of 1.08 nM for α2-adrenoceptors and 1750 nM for α1-adrenoceptors, indicating significant selectivity for α2 over α1 receptors compared to clonidine and UK 14,304 with 1620-, 220-, and 300-fold respectively. Medetomidine significantly inhibits the twitch response in electrically stimulated mouse vas deferens (pD2 = 9.0), showcasing its efficacy. Exhibiting a wide range of pharmacological effects, Medetomidine is effective in vivo, manifesting hypotensive, bradycardic, sedative, anxiolytic, hypothermic, and analgesic properties.

Moxonidine Hydrochloride serves as a selective agonist for the imidazoline receptor subtype 1 and functions as an antihypertensive agent. It primarily acts within the central nervous system and demonstrates a significant preference for I1 imidazoline receptors over α2-adrenoceptors, with a 40-fold higher affinity. This compound effectively reduces stimulated norepinephrine overflow, indicating its potent efficacy. Despite similar agents like AGN192403 targeting the same receptor, moxonidine's dose-response efficacy remains unaffected. Its ability to lower blood pressure and reduce heart rate is distinctly mediated through imidazoline receptors, reliant on well-preserved noradrenergic pathways within the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). This interaction is potentially linked to a specific 42 kDa imidazoline receptor protein, emphasizing its unique mechanism of action compared to other drugs like clonidine.

The alpha-adrenoceptors blocking effect of (N-piperidinomethyl)-2-chromanne was studied in vivo and in vitro in the rat. In the pithed rat, (N-piperidinomethyl)-2-chromanne (1 mg/kg i.v.) antagonized the pressor effects induced by alpha agonists. (N-piperidinomethyl)-2-chromanne competitively antagonized the pressor effects of M7 (alpha 2-agonist) and cirazoline (alpha 1-agonist). (N-piperidinomethyl)-2-chromanne antagonized the inhibitory effects of clonidine on presynaptic alpha 2-receptors in stimulated pithed rats.

Napamezole is an α2 adrenergic receptor antagonist. Napamezole antagonizes methoxamine-induced contractions (alpha-1) of the rat vas deferens with a Kb of 135 nM. Napamezole reverses clonidine-induced decreased in twitch height in the electrically stimula