concanavalin a

Concanavalin A is a plant lectin that is a T cell mitogen. It induces apoptosis in human fibroblasts.

Pd-C-II has anti-inflammation activity, it can inhibit TNF-α production and iNOS protein expression and inhibit COX-2 protein expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Pd-C-II inhibits anaphylactic mediator release from purified mast cells induced by

Plipastatin A1, a lipopeptide isolated from B. cereus, demonstrates enzyme inhibitory and immunosuppressant properties. It effectively inhibits enzymes phospholipase A2 (PLA2), phospholipase C (PLC), and phospholipase D (PLD) with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of 2.9, 1.3, and 1.4 µM, respectively. Additionally, at a concentration of 100 µg/ml, plipastatin A1 inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced B cell blastogenesis and T cell blastogenesis triggered by concanavalin A. In vivo studies reveal that a dose of 0.1 mg/animal effectively suppresses delayed-type hypersensitivity in mice.

Carviolin is an anthraquinone fungal metabolite that has been found inZ. longicaudatawith immunosuppressive and antitrypanosomal activities.1,2It inhibits LPS- or concanavalin A-induced proliferation of mouse splenocytes (IC50s = 4 and 4.5 μg/ml, respectively).1Carviolin is active againstT. b. brucei(MIC = 41.66 μM).2 1.Fujimoto, H., Nakamura, E., Okuyama, E., et al.Six immunosuppressive features from an ascomycete, Zopfiella longicaudata, found in a screening study monitored by immunomodulatory activityChem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo)52(8)1005-1008(2004) 2.Aly, A.H., Debbab, A., Clements, C.M., et al.NF kappa B inhibitors and antitrypanosomal metabolites from endophytic fungus Penicillium sp. isolated from Limonium tubiflorumBioorg. Med. Chem.19(1)414-421(2011)

(-)-Rasfonin is a fungal metabolite that has been found in T. terrophilus.1 It inhibits proliferation of mouse splenocytes induced by concanavalin A and LPS (IC50s = 0.7 and 0.5 μg/ml, respectively). References1. Fujimoto, H., Okamoto, Y., Sone, E., et al. Eleven new 2-pyrones from a fungi imperfecti, Trichurus terrophilus, found in a screening study guided by immunomodulatory activity. Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo) 53(8), 923-929 (2005).

Homodestcardin is a cyclic depsipeptide fungal metabolite that has been found in T. roseum and has immunosuppressant activity. It inhibits concanavalin A-induced proliferation of isolated mouse T cells.

Concanamycin C, a natural macrolide antibiotic, was initially isolated from Streptomyces and identified as an inhibitor of T-cell proliferation in response to concanavalin A (1,2). It exhibits cytotoxicity to fungi, including yeasts, by inhibiting vacuolar-type ATPases (3,4).

Soyasapogenol A shows estrogenic and hepatoprotective activities, it directly prevents apoptosis of hepatocytes, and secondly, inhibits the elevation of plasma TNF-α±, which consequently resulted in the prevention of liver damage in the concanavalin A-induced hepatitis model.