Conjugated estrogens are medicine that contains a mixture of estrogen hormones. It is used to treat moderate to severe hot flashes, changes in and around the vagina, and other symptoms of menopause or low amounts of estrogen. Conjugated estrogens tablet i

9(Z),11(E)-Conjugated linoleic acid is an isomer of linoleic acid that has been found in beef and milk fat.1It binds to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα; IC50= 140 nM) and activates the receptor in a reporter assay using COS-1 cells expressing mouse PPARα when used at a concentration of 100 μM.29(Z),11(E)-Conjugated linoleic acid inhibits TNF-α-inducedGLUT4expression and increases insulin-stimulated glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.3Dietary administration of 9(Z)11(E)-conjugated linoleic acid reduces serum fasting glucose, insulin, and triglyceride levels and decreases white adipose tissue macrophage infiltration inob/obmice. It also increases body weight gain and body fat in weanling mice.4[Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1278] 1.Shultz, T.D., Chew, B.P., Seaman, W.R., et al.Inhibitory effect of conjugated dienoic derivatives of linoleic acid and β-carotene on the in vitro growth of human cancer cellsCancer Lett.63(2)125-133(1992) 2.Moya-Camarena, S.Y., Heuvel, J.P.V., Blanchard, S.G., et al.Conjugated linoleic acid is a potent naturally occurring ligand and activator of PPARαJ. Lipid Res.40(8)1426-1433(1999) 3.Moloney, F., Toomey, S., Noone, E., et al.Antidiabetic effects of cis-9, trans-11-conjugated linoleic acid may be mediated via anti-inflammatory effects in white adipose tissueDiabetes56(3)574-582(2007) 4.Pariza, M.W., Park, Y., and Cook, M.E.The biologically active isomers of conjugated linoleic acidProg. Lipid Res.40(4)283-298(2001)

Conjugated linoleic acid, a naturally occurring fatty acid, is present in ruminant meat and dairy products and is produced by a bio-hydrogenation process in the rumen. In this case, the predominant isomer formed is 9cis, 11trans.

Epsilon-V1-2, a Cys-conjugated, is a biologically active peptide known as the εPKC-specific inhibitor. It hampers εPKC functionality by obstructing its translocation and the phosphorylation of MARCKS, additionally perturbing εPKC's interaction with its anchoring protein, εRACK. The peptide includes a cysteine residue at its C-terminus, facilitating the formation of potential disulfide bonds with carrier proteins. Pyroglutamyl formation can occur spontaneously at the N-terminus if glutamine or glutamic acid is present, enhancing peptide stability against gastrointestinal proteases. Pyroglutamyl peptides, a recognized subset, are accounted for in the peptide's purity during HPLC analysis.

9(E),11(E)-12-nitro Conjugated linoleic acid (9(E),11(E)-12-nitro CLA) is a nitrated fatty acid. It is formed from 9(Z),11(E)-CLA upon exposure to acidified nitrite, peroxynitrite, gaseous nitrogen dioxide, or a combination of myeloperoxidase, hydrogen peroxide, and nitrite.1It is also formed in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, an effect that can be reduced by the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NAME .29(E),11(E)-12-nitro CLA has been found in human plasma. 1.Woodcock, S.R., Salvatore, S.R., Bonacci, G., et al.Biomimetic nitration of conjugated linoleic acid: Formation and characterization of naturally occurring conjugated nitrodienesJ. Org. Chem.79(1)25-33(2014) 2.Bonacci, G., Baker, P.R.S., Salvatore, S.R., et al.Conjugated linoleic acid is a preferential substrate for fatty acid nitrationJ. Biol. Chem.287(53)44071-44082(2012)

10(E),12(Z)-Conjugated linoleic acid methyl ester serves as a standard for quantifying 10(E),12(Z)-conjugated linoleic acid in L. plantarum culture samples. [Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1254]

9(E),11(E)-9-nitro Conjugated Linoleic Acid (9E,11E-9-nitro CLA) is a nitrated fatty acid produced from 9Z,11E-CLA through exposure to acidified nitrite, peroxynitrite, gaseous nitrogen dioxide, or the combined action of myeloperoxidase, hydrogen peroxide, and nitrite. Additionally, it forms in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, a process that can be inhibited by the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NAME. This compound has also been detected in human plasma.

9(Z),11(Z)-Conjugated Linoleic Acid Methyl Ester serves as a standard in the quantification of conjugated linoleic acid methyl esters via GC-MS, according to Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1256.

9(E),11(E)-Conjugated Linoleic Acid Methyl Ester, identified in thermally stressed cooking oils, can serve as an indicator for the adulteration of olive oils with lower quality oils. [Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1257]

9(E),11(E)-Conjugated Linoleic Acid (9(E),11(E)-CLA) belongs to a group of eight geometric isomers of linoleic acid, characterized by adjacent double bonds. This specific isomer, 9,11 all-trans linoleic acid, was first discovered in ground beef and is found in various dairy products as well. Notably, it has been shown to decrease mammary tumors in rats with dietary inclusion as minimal as 0.1%. [Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1181]

9(Z),11(E)-Conjugated Linoleic Acid Methyl Ester, identified in lemon grass (C. flexuosus), serves as a standard for quantifying conjugated linoleic acids in thermally stressed olive oil and trans fats in bakery products. [Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1255]

O6BTG-octylglucoside is a potent O6-methylguanine-DNAmethyl-transferase (MGMT) inhibitor (IC50s: 10 nM and 32 nM in HeLa S3 cells and in vitro (cell extracts)).

Cholic Acid (Cholate) is a major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Cholic acid facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.

Glycoursodeoxycholic acid (Ursodeoxycholylglycine) is an acyl glycine and a bile acid-glycine conjugate. It is a secondary bile acid produced by the action of enzymes existing in the microbial flora of the colonic environment. In hepatocytes, both primary and secondary bile acids undergo amino acid conjugation at the C-24 carboxylic acid on the side chain, and almost all bile acids in the bile duct, therefore, exist in a glycine conjugated form. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals.

Lithocholic acid (3α-Hydroxy-5β-cholanic acid) is a bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic.

FITC-Dextran (MW 4000) is a marker composed of fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated to 4 kDa dextran, widely used in microcirculation and cell permeability studies.

Macropa-NCS is conjugated to trastuzumab as well as to the prostate-specific membrane antigen-targeting compound RPS-070.This compound is unstable in powder form and other related salt forms are recommended.

Inclisiran (unconjugated/naked) is a double-stranded small interfering RNA (siRNA) that lacks GalNAc conjugation. This compound selectively inhibits the transcription of PCSK-9, making it applicable in the research of hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular disease (CVD) [1].

GalNAc unconjugated/naked Fitusiran, an small interfering RNA without GalNAc conjugation, specifically targets antithrombin (AT) messenger RNA to lower production of AT in the liver. GalNAc unconjugated/naked Fitusiran increases thrombin generation and has the potential for the research of the hemophilia [1] .

Deoxycholic acid (Cholanoic Acid) is a bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.

Mc-MMAE (Maleimidocaproyl-monomethylauristatin E) is a drug-linker conjugate for ADC. Mc-MMAE is a maleimidocaproyl-conjugated monomethyl auristatin E, which is a potent tubulin inhibitor.

Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) is a bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.

Brincidofovir (HDP-CDV) is an orally active, lipophilic form of cidofovir. It has enhanced activity compared to CDV against certain adenoviruses, herpesviruses, and orthopoxviruses.

DNA is continually damaged by endogenous and environmental agents leading to the formation of abasic (apurinic/apyrimidinic, AP) sites that are disruptive to DNA synthesis. Aldehyde Reactive Probe (ARP) is a biotinylated reagent for the detection and quantification of AP sites in damaged DNA. ARP reacts with aldehyde groups formed when reactive oxygen species depurinate DNA, resulting in covalent linkage of biotin to these AP sites. The biotin-tagged DNA can then be detected using common avidin-conjugated reporters such as avidin-HRP. The ARP method is highly sensitive, enabling detection of 2.4 AP sites per 1x107 nucleotides of DNA.

Peginterferon lambda-1a (BMS-914143) is a monoclonal antibody that targets IFNLR1 and is composed of IFNL1 conjugated to pegol [1].

Izeltabart (IMGC-936) is a Maytansinoid-based Antibody-Drug Conjugate (ADC) that specifically targets ADAM9. It consists of a high-affinity humanized antibody conjugated site-specifically to DM21-C, a linker-payload that combines a microtubule-disrupting Maytansinoid with a stable tripeptide linker, maintaining a drug-to-antibody ratio of approximately 2.0. Izeltabart demonstrates cytotoxicity against ADAM9-expressing human tumor cell lines and possesses significant antitumor efficacy in xenograft tumor models [1].

DB21, Galectin-1 Antagonist, is a peptidomimetic conjugated with dibenzofuran, serving as an allosteric inhibitor of galectin-1 (GAL1) interactions with glycans on cell surfaces. This compound enhances the inhibition of angiogenesis and tumor growth in melanoma, lung adenocarcinoma, and ovarian cancer models [1].

Nitisinone-13C6is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of nitisinone by GC- or LC-MS. Nitisinone is an inhibitor of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), which converts 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate (HPPA) to homogentisate in the tyrosine catabolic pathway.1Nitisinone increases urinary levels of HPPA and 4-hydroxyphenyllactate (HPLA) in rats when administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Nitisinone (3 mg/kg) prevents the neonatal lethality of fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) deficiency in mice when administered to pregnant dams.2It exhibits hepatoprotective effects inFAH-/-mice, such as prevention of increases in plasma levels of aspartate serine aminotransferase (AST) and conjugated bilirubin, when administration is continued following birth at a dose of 1 mg/kg. Nitisinone (100 μg) decreases urinary excretion of homogentisate and increases urinary excretion of HPPA, HPLA, and 4-hydroxyphenylacetate in a mouse model of alkaptonuria induced by ethylnitrosourea.3Formulations containing nitisinone have been used in the treatment of hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 (HT-1). 1.Ellis, M.K., Whitfield, A.C., Gowans, L.A., et al.Inhibition of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase by 2-(2-nitro-4-trifluoromethylbenzoyl)-cyclohexane-1,3-dione and 2-(2-chloro-4-methanesulfonylbenzoyl)-cyclohexane-1,3-dioneToxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.133(1)12-19(1995) 2.Grompe, M., Lindstedt, S., al-Dhalimy, M., et al.Pharmacological correction of neonatal lethal hepatic dysfunction in a murine model of hereditary tyrosinaemia type INat. Genet.10(4)453-460(1995) 3.Suzuki, Y., Oda, K., Yoshikawa, Y., et al.A novel therapeutic trial of homogentisic aciduria in a murine model of alkaptonuriaJ. Hum. Genet.44(2)79-84(1999)

Jacaric acid is a conjugated polyunsaturated fatty acid first isolated from seeds of Jacaranda plants. Structurally, it is an 18-carbon ω-6 triene isomer of γ-linolenic acid . Jacaric acid induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in a variety of cancer cell lines (GI50 = 1-5 μM). It increases the production of reactive oxygen species, and cytotoxicity is abolished by the antioxidant α-tocopherol, suggesting that apoptosis results from oxidative stress. Jacaric acid is metabolized in vivo to conjugated linoleic acid , which is also cytotoxic to cancer cells. Jacaric acid inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 in vitro (Ki = 1.7 μM) and, with long term feeding, decreases stearoyl-CoA desaturase expression and activity in mice.

DEPMPO is a nitrone that is used to spin trap reactive O-, N-, S-, and C-centered radicals and allow their characterization when used in association with electron spin resonance. It is noted for the stability of adducts formed. DEPMPO can be used in vitro or in vivo, as it crosses lipid bilayer membranes and is a good trapping agent in biological systems. DEPMPO-biotin is a biotinylated form of DEPMPO which retains the outstanding persistency of its adducts. The biotin moiety offers an effective means for monitoring biodistribution in cells, tissues, and organs when used with an avidin-conjugated reporter. Importantly, DEPMPO-biotin binds free radicals, such as S-nitroso groups, on proteins, producing adducts that can be analyzed via the biotin tag. This direct labeling of S-nitrosothiols (SNO) thus serves as an effective alternative to the more cumbersome biotin-switch method for monitoring SNO formation.

Bilirubin conjugate is a stable, water-soluble ditaurate derivative of bilirubin meant to mimic endogenous bilirubin glucuronide derivatives. In vivo, bilirubin circulates in the plasma and is taken up by hepatocytes and conjugated to one or two glucuronic acids in a reaction catalyzed by UDP glucuronidase to form bilirubin mono or diglucuronide. This water-soluble form is then excreted from the liver in bile in the feces or is converted to urobilinogen and excreted in the urine. In addition to aiding in the disposal of heme, bilirubin and its conjugated derivatives have been shown to exhibit anti-oxidant and antimutagenic effects and to play a role in gut barrier function.

1-Pentadecanoyl-rac-glycerol is a monoacylglycerol that contains pentadecanoic acid at the sn-1 position. It has been found in wheat bran extracts.1 1-Pentadecanoyl-rac-glycerol levels are increased in a HepaRG cell-based model of hepatic steatosis induced by BSA-conjugated palmitate.2 |1. Prinsen, P., Gutiérrez, A., Faulds, C.B., et al. Comprehensive study of valuable lipophilic phytochemicals in wheat bran. J. Agric. Food Chem. 62(7), 1664-1673 (2014).|2. Brown, M.V., Compton, S.A., Milburn, M.V., et al. Metabolomic signatures in lipid-loaded HepaRGs reveal pathways involved in steatotic progression. Obesity (Silver Spring) 21(12), E561-E570 (2013).

Taurocholic acid 3-sulfate (TCA3S) is a metabolite of the conjugated bile acid taurocholic acid .1Plasma levels of TCA3S are elevated in wild-type andSortilin 1(Sort1) knockout mice at 6 hours following bile duct ligation (BDL) and are further elevated inSort1knockout mice at 24 hours post-BDL.2 1.Lefebvre, P., Cariou, B., Lien, F., et al.Role of bile acids and bile acid receptors in metabolic regulationPhysiol. Rev.89(1)147-191(2009) 2.Li, J., Woolbright, B.L., Zhao, W., et al.Sortilin 1 loss-of-function protects against cholestatic liver injury by attenuating hepatic bile acid accumulation in bile duct ligated miceToxicol. Sci.161(1)34-47(2018)

INY-03-041, a potent and highly selective PROTAC-based pan-AKT degrader, inhibits AKT1, AKT2, and AKT3 with IC50s of 2.0 nM, 6.8 nM, and 3.5 nM, respectively. This compound consists of the ATP-competitive AKT inhibitor GDC-0068 conjugated to Lenalidomide.

FAP Ligand 1 (FL), a high-affinity small molecule targeting fibroblast activation protein (FAP), facilitates the delivery of conjugated therapeutics to FAP-expressing fibroblasts and enables radiographic imaging of select tumors [1].

Dapirolizumab pegol (CDP 7657), a monoclonal antibody of the Fab'-IgG-κ class, targets CD40LG/TNFSF5 and is conjugated with a pegol moiety. The antibody was initially cloned from the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus).

Dorlimomab aritox (4197X-RA; MDX-RA [ricin A chain] immunotoxin) is a monoclonal antibody of mouse origin that is conjugated to the A chain of ricin [1].

Compound 1059182-21-6 features a cyclic structure characterized by a nitrogen atom occupying an apex (corner) within the heterocycle. Its molecular scaffold integrates aromatic properties due to the presence of a conjugated system, while the inclusion of hydroxyl (-OH) groups confers reactive potential for subsequent modification. Additionally, a halogenated component, specifically a bromine atom, is attached to the aromatic ring, enhancing its propensity for undergoing further synthetic transformations.

Selenodiglutathione is a primary Se metabolite conjugated with two glutathione (GSH) moieties.

Biotin-PEG7-amine is a PEG derivative containing a biotin group and a terminal primary amine group. The hydrophilic PEG spacer increases solubility in aqueous media and increases membrane impermeability of the molecules conjugated to the biotin compound.

Deacetylvinblastine hydrazide, a cytotoxic vinca alkaloid often conjugated with folic acid to produce EC145, a novel folate-receptor targeted agent.

Casein Kinase 2 Substrate Peptide, a widely recognized CK2 substrate, is synthesized with its C-terminus conjugated to 5-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid (EDANS). This peptide serves as a tool for determining protein kinase CK2 activity [1].

Taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate (TLCA3S) is a metabolite of the conjugated bile acid taurolithocholic acid . TLCA3S has been used to study bile acid transport in cellular models and to induce pancreatitis in mouse models of bile acid infusion pancreatitis.

The lipoxins are trihydroxy fatty acids containing a 7,9,11,13-conjugated tetraene. Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) was first described as a metabolite of 15-HpETE and/or 15-HETE when added in vitro to isolated human leukocytes. The material obtained in this manner consists of at least four distinct isomers: 5(S), 6(S); 5(S), 6(R); and the 11-trans and 11-cis isomers of each of these. 6(S)-LXA4 is one of the original four metabolites first identified by Serhan, Nicolaou, and Samuelsson. It was considered to be an artifact by these authors because it lacked the potency of the 5(S),6(R) isomer with respect to contraction of isolated guinea pig lung parenchymal strips. It has not been possible to isolate natural LXA4 from humans or other mammals in amounts sufficient for determination of absolute stereochemistry. Most authors refer to LXA4 as the 5(S)

MC-VAL-CIT-PAB-VX765 or MC-VAL-CIT-PABC-VX765 is a VX765 derivative that can be conjugated to antibodies, proteins, or polymers for targeted drug delivery. MC-Val- CIT -PAB is a cathepsin cleavable ADC connector, which has been widely used in the preparat

Vem-L-Cy5 (compound 3), a Vemurafenib-based BRAF inhibitor conjugated with the near-infrared (NIR) fluorophore cyanine-5 (Cy5), selectively targets the BRAF V600E mutation and inhibits MEK phosphorylation. This compound demonstrates cell permeability and has been shown to inhibit the growth of various cancer cell types [1].

Mecbotamab vedotin (BA3011) is a humanized IgG1-κ antibody engineered to target the AXL receptor tyrosine kinase (AXL). Serving as a conditionally active biologic (CAB), mecbotamab is conjugated to monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) through a cleavable linker, creating an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) for therapeutic use [1] [2].

(4R,5S)-Nutlin Carboxylic Acid (MDM2 Ligand 2), a Nutlin 3-based MDM2 ligand, can be conjugated to a protein-binding ligand via a linker to create PROTACs[1].

1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE-N-(cap biotin) is a biotinylated phospholipid. It has been used in PEGylated polyamidoamine-dendrimer-conjugated supported lipid bilayers (SLB) to isolate circulating tumor cells and tumor cell microembolis from patient-derived blood by antibody-coated microfluidics. [1] It has also been used as a component of SLBs to detect protein-ligand binding with ortho-conjugated Texas Red DHPE. [2] In addition, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE-N-(cap biotin) has been used in SLBs partitioned into nanowells to create DNA curtains, which can be used as a high-throughput tool for detection of protein-DNA interactions at the single molecule level.[3]

Albenatide is a modified analog of exendin 4 conjugated to recombinant human albumin.