glp 1(28 36)amide

GLP-1(28-36)amide, a C-terminal nonapeptide derived from the cleavage of GLP-1 by neutral endopeptidase (NEP), is an important compound that functions as an antioxidant primarily targeting the mitochondrion to inhibit mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT), displaying anti-diabetic properties and cardioprotection effects[1].

GLP-1(28-36)amide acetate inhibits mitochondrial permeability transition with antioxidant, anti-diabetic and cardioprotection activities.

GLP-1(28-36)amide TFA, a C-terminal nonapeptide derived from GLP-1 cleavage by neutral endopeptidase (NEP), is an antioxidant that targets mitochondria and inhibits mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT), demonstrating anti-diabetic and cardioprotective effects [1].

GLP-1 secretion by human enteroendocrine NCI-H716 cells is augmented in a dose-dependent manner by the addition of CPE.

Carperitide acetate (Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) (1-28), human, porcine Acetate), a 28-amino acid hormone, is naturally produced and released by the human heart upon cardiac injury or mechanical stretch. This compound effectively inhibits the secretion of endothelin-1 in a dose-dependent manner.

GIP (1-30) amide, porcine acetate is an agonist of fully glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor. GIP (1-30) amide, porcine acetate can weakly inhibit gastric acid secretion and strongly stimulate insulin.

Somatostatin 1-28 acetate circulates in human plasma. Approximately 46% of the total somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in plasma is due to Somatostatin 1-28 acetate.

γ-1-MSH, amide acetate (72629-65-3 free base), a putative hormone in the N-terminal region of the ACTH/beta- endorphin (beta-EP) precursor protein, was studied by RIA with an antiserum against gamma 3-MSH in ACTH-producing mouse pituitary tumor cells, AtT-20/D16v.

GLP-1(32-36)amide acetate is a pentapeptide and derived from the C terminus of the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1. GLP-1(32-36)amide acetate could inhibit weight gain and modulate whole body glucose metabolism in diabetic mice.

Nociceptin (1-13), amide is a potent agonist Opioid receptor-like1 (ORL1) receptor with a pEC50 of 7.9 for mouse vas deferens and a Ki of 0.75 nM for binding to rat forebrain membranes.

antagonist at the human GLP-1 receptor

Glp-1(7-37) acetate is an intestinal insulin hormone that enhances glucose-induced insulin secretion.

Histone H3 (1-25), amide is a N-terminal peptide fragment of histone H3 that serves as a substrate for histone methyltransferases (HMTs). It is utilized to identify the substrate for HMTs and proves to be more efficient than histone H3 (15-39) and full-length histone H3 for the HMT G9a.

This GIP fragment has potent insulinotropic activity in the isolated, perfused rat pancreas but greatly reduced somatostatinotropic activity in the isolated perfused rat stomach. The site responsible for insulinotropic activity apparently lies between residues 19 and 30 of GIP.

GLP-1(32-36)amide TFA, a pentapeptide derived from the C-terminal end of the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1, has demonstrated the ability to mitigate weight gain and regulate glucose metabolism in diabetic mice [1] [2].

β-Casomorphin (1-3), amide, is a peptide fragment of β-Casomorphin containing three amino acids.

Neuropeptide Y (13-36), amide, human is a neuropeptide Y receptor agonist.

GLP-2(1-33) (human) is an enteroendocrine hormone that stimulates intestinal epithelium growth.

[DAla2] Dynorphin A (1-13), amide (porcine) is a peptide that potentially acts as a κ opioid receptor agonist, used in nervous system research [1].

[D-Leu6, Val7]-LH-RH (1-9) Ethyl Amide is an LH-RH peptide analogue.

GLP-1(9-36)amide TFA, a predominant metabolite of glucagon-like peptide-1-(7-36)amide synthesized through dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) activity, functions as an antagonist to the human pancreatic GLP-1 receptor [1] [2].

Atrial natriuretic factor (1-28) from both human and porcine sources is a potent suppressor of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA, exerting only a modest inhibitory effect on βEP-LI release.

Somatostatin-28 (1-12) is a fragment of somatostatin that is monitored in brain tissue to track the processing of somatostatin.

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (1-28), rat is the major circulating form of ANP in rats.

Galanin message-associated peptide (1-41) amide is a peptide hormone [1].

Somatostatin-28 (1-14) is an N-terminal fragment of the neuropeptide somatostatin-28, which originates from the posttranslational cleavage of prosomatostatin, derived from the larger precursor preprosomatostatin.

GLP-1 (1-36) amide (human, rat) TFA, a variant of GLP-1 (7-36) amide, induces [14C]aminopyrine accumulation in enzymatically dispersed enriched rat parietal cells [1].

(D-Ala2)-GRF (1-29) amide (human) is a potent superagonist of Growth Hormone-Releasing Factor (GRF), exhibiting approximately 50-fold higher GH-releasing activity than GRF (1-29) in both pigs and rats [1].

γ-1-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH), amide, an 11-amino acid peptide, plays a critical role in regulating sodium (Na+) balance and blood pressure by activating melanocortin receptor 3 (MC3-R).

Osteostatin (1-5) amide (human, bovine, dog, horse, mouse, rabbit, rat), also known as Human PTHrP (107-111) amide, is a C-terminal fragment of parathyroid hormone-related protein that inhibits bone resorption [1][2].

[D-Arg2]Dermorphin-(1-4) amide is an N-terminal truncated peptide of [D-Arg2]dermorphin known for its hypothermic and analgesic effects, and it demonstrates degradation when exposed to soluble mouse liver and brain extracts [1].

Somatorelin (1-44) amide is a synthetic peptide that corresponds to the full 44-amino acid sequence of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), a hormone that stimulates the production of growth hormone from the pituitary gland and is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation.1,2Somatorelin induces growth hormone release similarly to GHRHin vitroandin vivo.1

Human PTH-(1-31) amide, an analog of PTH, effectively stimulates phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis and promotes the release of adenylyl cyclase [1].

'(Tyr36)-pTH-Related Protein (1-36) (human, mouse, rat), a peptide, functions as a ligand for parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptors [1].'

GIP (1-30) amide, porcine TFA is a high-affinity full agonist of the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor, with potency comparable to native GIP(1-42) [1]. It also exhibits potent insulin-stimulating properties and weakly inhibits gastric acid secretion.

GLP-1 amide is a peptide hormone cleaved from proglucagon in the pancreas.1,2 Mice lacking the glucagon receptor (Gcgr-/-) have approximately nine-fold higher levels of total GLP-1 amide, including GLP-1 (1-36) amide and truncated GLP-1 (7-36) amide , in pancreatic tissue compared to wild-type mice.2References1. Schjoldager, B.T., Mortensen, P.E., Christiansen, J., et al. GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide 1) and truncated GLP-1, fragments of human proglucagon, inhibit gastric acid secretion in humans. Dig. Dis. Sci. 34(5), 703-708 (1989).2. Gelling, R.W., Du, X.Q., Dichmann, D.S., et al. Lower blood glucose, hyperglucagonemia, and pancreatic α cell hyperplasia in glucagon receptor knockout mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100(3), 1438-1443 (2003). GLP-1 amide is a peptide hormone cleaved from proglucagon in the pancreas.1,2 Mice lacking the glucagon receptor (Gcgr-/-) have approximately nine-fold higher levels of total GLP-1 amide, including GLP-1 (1-36) amide and truncated GLP-1 (7-36) amide , in pancreatic tissue compared to wild-type mice.2 References1. Schjoldager, B.T., Mortensen, P.E., Christiansen, J., et al. GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide 1) and truncated GLP-1, fragments of human proglucagon, inhibit gastric acid secretion in humans. Dig. Dis. Sci. 34(5), 703-708 (1989).2. Gelling, R.W., Du, X.Q., Dichmann, D.S., et al. Lower blood glucose, hyperglucagonemia, and pancreatic α cell hyperplasia in glucagon receptor knockout mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100(3), 1438-1443 (2003).

PAR2 (1-6) amide is a synthetic peptide agonist of proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) that corresponds to residues 1-6 of the amino terminal tethered ligand sequence of human PAR2 and residues 37-42 of the full-length sequence.1It binds to NCTC 2544 cells expressing human PAR2 (Ki= 9.64 μM in a radioligand binding assay) and induces calcium mobilization in the same cells (EC50= 0.075 μM).2PAR2 (1-6) amide (100 μM) reduces colony formation of A549 lung cancer cells.1It induces superoxide production and degranulation in isolated human eosinophils when used at a concentration of 500 μM.3PAR2 (1-6) amide (5 μmol/kg) induces tear secretion in rats when used in combination with amastatin .4 1.Bohm, S.K., Kong, W., Bromme, D., et al.Molecular cloning, expression and potential functions of the human proteinase-activated receptor-2Biochem. J.314(Pt 3)1009-1016(1996) 2.Kanke, T., Ishiwata, H., Kabeya, M., et al.Binding of a highly potent protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) activating peptide, [3H]2-furoyl-LIGRL-NH2, to human PAR2Br. J. Pharmacol.145(2)255-263(2005) 3.Miike, S., McWilliam, A.S., and Kita, H.Trypsin induces activation and inflammatory mediator release from human eosinophils through protease-activated receptor-2J. Immunol.167(11)6615-6622(2001) 4.Nishikawa, H., Kawai, K., Tanaka, M., et al.Protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2)-related peptides induce tear secretion in rats: Involvement of PAR-2 and non-PAR-2 mechanismsJ. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.312(2)324-331(2005)

Galanin (1-13)-Neuropeptide Y (25-36) amide exhibits high-affinity binding to galanin receptors, comparable to that of galanin itself [1].

GLP-1(7-36) Acetate is a major intestinal hormone that stimulates glucose-induced insulin secretion from β cells.

The GLP-1 moiety from Dulaglutide is a 31-amino acid fragment of Dulaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1) agonist.

Human PTHrP-(1-36) is a secreted parathyroid hormone-related protein with anticalciuric effects, promoting beta cell function and proliferation, and is used in research on humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) and hyperparathyroidism [1] [3].

Acetyl-(D-Arg2)-GRF (1-29) amide (human) acts as a GRF antagonist and inhibits GH secretion, making it useful in endocrine research [1].

[His1,Nle27] GHRF (1-32), amide, human is a synthetic analog of the growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) with enhanced affinity for the growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor (GHRHR) [1].

Human glucagon-like peptide-1-(7-36)-Lys(Biotin) amide, a biotin-labeled variant of glucagon-like peptide-1-(7-36), is a gastrointestinal peptide known for its antidiabetogenic properties, including enhancing insulin secretion [1] [2].

Human PTHrP-(1-34)NH2, also known as PTH-Related Protein (1-34) amide for human, mouse, and rat, is the N-terminal fragment of PTHrP. This peptide induces hypercalcemia and is utilized in the study of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy [1].

Dynorphin A (1-13) amide, an endogenous opioid peptide, counteracts the analgesic effects of morphine [1].

GLP-1(7-36), amide TFA is a prominent intestinal hormone that stimulates glucose-induced insulin secretion from β cells[1].