insulin b

Insulin B (20-30) is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets, and it is considered to be the main anabolic hormone of the body. It is therefore an anabolic hormone, promoting the conversion of small molecules in the blood into la

Insulin B (22-30) is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets, and it is considered to be the main anabolic hormone of the body. It is therefore an anabolic hormone, promoting the conversion of small molecules in the blood into la

InsB (9-23) is an insulin B-chain peptide that binds to a class II histocompatibility complex (MHC) allele called I-Ag7.

Streptozocin (NSC-85998) is an antibiotic that induces DNA methylation. Streptozocin is toxic to insulin-producing pancreatic islet B-cells and is commonly used in the construction of animal models of type 1 diabetes. The product is unstable in solution and is recommended to be dispensed now.

BRD4097, a negative control in the HDAC1/2/3/8 assay, is a selective histone deacetylase (HDAC3) inhibitor that can be used to protect b-cells and improve insulin resistance, help promote cognitive function and enhance learning and memory formation.

1. Kuwanon G (Moracenin B) as dual inhibitors of PTP1B and α-glucosidase enzymes, as well as insulin sensitizers, it may potentially be utilized as an effective treatment for Type II diabetes mellitus. 2. Kuwanon G has anti-inflammatory activity, it can attenuate atherosclerosis through inhibiting foam cell formation and inflammatory response. 3. Kuwanon G is a potent inhibitor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein tyrosine phosphatase B. 4. Kuwanon G shows acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase(BChE) inhibitory activities, it may be a promising candidate for preventive and therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease. 5. Kuwanon G prevents the pathological progression of allergic asthma through the inhibition of lung destruction by inflammation and immune stimulation. 6. Kuwanon G has antibacterial activity against oral pathogens. 7. Kuwanon G is a specific antagonist for the GRP-preferring receptor and can be useful for studying the physiological and pathological role of GRP.

β-Aminopropionitrile (3-Aminopropionitrile) is a selective inhibitor of lysyl oxidase.

Kazinol B is an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) production, an isopentenylated flavan with a dimethylpyran ring.Kazinol B improves insulin sensitivity by activating the insulin-Akt signalling pathway and AMPK, which enhances glucose uptake.Kazinol B stimulates gene expression and secretion of adiponectin and can be used to study diabetes.

S961 is an high-affinity and selective insulin receptor (IR) antagonist with IC50s of 0.048,0.027, and 630 nM for HIR-A, HIR-B, and human insulin-like growth factor I receptor (HIGF-IR) in scintillation proximity assay, respectively.

Bruceine E is isolated from B. javanica seeds with hypoglycemia effects. Bruceine E can be used for studies about acting as an insulin secretagogue.

Kisspeptin-54 is a peptide ligand of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR54 (Kis = 1.81 and 1.45 nM for rat and human receptors, respectively).1 It is a 54 amino acid peptide encoded by the metastasis suppressor gene KISS-1. Kisspeptin-54 induces calcium mobilization in CHO-K1 cells expressing rat and human receptors (EC50s = 1.39 and 5.47 nM, respectively). It also induces arachidonic acid release in CHO cells expressing rat and human GPR54 in a concentration-dependent manner. Kisspeptin-54 (10-1,000 nM) inhibits insulin secretion from isolated mouse pancreatic β-cells in the presence of 2.8 mM, but not 11.1 mM, glucose.2 Kisspeptin-54 (1-5 nmol, i.c.v.) increases serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) in mice, an effect which is reversed by the gonadotropin releasing hormone (GNRH) antagonist acycline.3References1. Kotani, M., Detheux, M., Vandenbogaerde, A.L., et al. The metastasis suppressor gene KiSS-1 encodes kisspeptins, the natural ligands of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR54. J. Biol. Chem. 276(37), 34631-34636 (2001).2. Vikman, J., and Ahrén, B. Inhibitory effect of kisspeptins on insulin secretion from isolated mouse islets. Diabetes Obes. Metab. 11(Suppl 4), 197-201 (2009).3. Gottsch, M.L., Cunningham, M.J., Smith, J.T., et al. A role for kisspeptins in the regulation of gonadotropin secretion in the mouse. Endocrinology 145(9), 4073-4077 (2004). Kisspeptin-54 is a peptide ligand of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR54 (Kis = 1.81 and 1.45 nM for rat and human receptors, respectively).1 It is a 54 amino acid peptide encoded by the metastasis suppressor gene KISS-1. Kisspeptin-54 induces calcium mobilization in CHO-K1 cells expressing rat and human receptors (EC50s = 1.39 and 5.47 nM, respectively). It also induces arachidonic acid release in CHO cells expressing rat and human GPR54 in a concentration-dependent manner. Kisspeptin-54 (10-1,000 nM) inhibits insulin secretion from isolated mouse pancreatic β-cells in the presence of 2.8 mM, but not 11.1 mM, glucose.2 Kisspeptin-54 (1-5 nmol, i.c.v.) increases serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) in mice, an effect which is reversed by the gonadotropin releasing hormone (GNRH) antagonist acycline.3 References1. Kotani, M., Detheux, M., Vandenbogaerde, A.L., et al. The metastasis suppressor gene KiSS-1 encodes kisspeptins, the natural ligands of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR54. J. Biol. Chem. 276(37), 34631-34636 (2001).2. Vikman, J., and Ahrén, B. Inhibitory effect of kisspeptins on insulin secretion from isolated mouse islets. Diabetes Obes. Metab. 11(Suppl 4), 197-201 (2009).3. Gottsch, M.L., Cunningham, M.J., Smith, J.T., et al. A role for kisspeptins in the regulation of gonadotropin secretion in the mouse. Endocrinology 145(9), 4073-4077 (2004).

Amylin, a 37-amino acid polypeptide that is structurally related to calcitonin, is secreted from the B cells of the pancreas. Amylin has anoretic effects in rats. Amylin may be responsible for the etiology of insulin resistance of type II diabetes mellitu

Platensimycin (PTM) is an antibiotic produced by S. platensis that inhibits Gram-positve bacteria by selectively inhibiting cellular lipid biosynthesis (IC50 = 0.1 μM). It targets the β-ketoacyl-acyl-carrier-protein synthase I/II, FabF/B, an enzyme that participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids (IC50s = 48 and 160 nM for S. aureus and E. coli enzymes, respectively). By specifically targeting fatty acid synthesis in bacteria, PTM is thought to be a promising agent for overcoming antibiotic resistance. PTM is also a selective inhibitor of the mammalian fatty acid synthase and has been shown to reduce liver triglyceride levels and to improve insulin sensitivity in a diabetic mouse model after an oral dose of 30 mg/kg.

Silymarin (Silybin B) (Silybin B) is a polyphenolic flavonoid that extracts from the milk thistle or seeds of Silybum marianum. It is used in the prevention and treatment of liver diseases.

S961 TFA is a highly selective and high-affinity antagonist of the insulin receptor (IR), demonstrating IC50 values of 0.048 nM for HIR-A, 0.027 nM for HIR-B, and 630 nM for the human insulin-like growth factor I receptor (HIGF-IR) in SPA assays [1].

S961 TFA is A high affinity insulin receptor (IR) antagonist with IC50 for hir-a, hir-b and human insulin-like growth factor I receptor (higf-ir) at 0.048, 0.027 and 630 nM, respectively.

Alloxan Monohydrate is a glucose analog used to induce diabetes by destroying beta-cells.

11-Dehydrocorticosterone is an endogenous mineralocorticoid. It increases Na+/K+-ATPase mRNA expression in vascular smooth muscle cells and inhibits aldosterone action in B. marinus toad bladder tissue in a concentration-dependent manner. 11-Dehydrocorticosterone decreases the sodium/creatine ratio and increases the potassium/creatine ratio in rat urine in a dose-dependent manner in a model of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibition induced by carbenoxolone. Chronic administration 11-dehydrocorticosterone increases plasma glucocorticoids levels, body weight gain, and adiposity, as well as induces insulin resistance in mice.

Norbixin, a carotenoid found in B. orellana, exhibits various biological activities including binding to the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) with a Ki of 1.15 µM in a cell-free assay. At a dosage of 47.7 mg/kg, norbixin effectively alleviates hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance, in addition to reducing serum lipid levels, cardiac thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and glutathione (GSH) in rat cardio-metabolic syndrome models. It also lowers serum levels of oxidized LDL, aortic protein oxidation, and the atherosclerotic area in a rabbit cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis model. Furthermore, norbixin, administered at 0.1 and 1 mg/kg per day, minimizes mercury-induced DNA damage in rat hepatocytes and leukocytes and prevents photoreceptor degeneration in an Abca4-/- Rdh8-/- mouse model of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

S961 acetate is a selective and high-affinity antagonist of the insulin receptor (IR), demonstrating IC50 values of 0.048 nM for HIR-A, 0.027 nM for HIR-B, and 630 nM for the human insulin-like growth factor I receptor (HIGF-IR) in SPA assays [1].

AS1949490 activated glucose metabolism via up-regulation of GLUT1 gene in L6 myotubes[1][2]. AS1949490 is a potent and selective SHIP-2 (SH2 domain-containing inositol 5′ phosphatase 2) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 620 nM.

Human proinsulin, the single-chain peptide precursor of insulin, consists of the insulin A and B chains connected by the 31 amino acid C-peptide. Cleavage of proinsulin by proteolytic enzymes produces insulin and free C-peptide.

VU0071063 is a Kir6.2/SUR1 activator.

Potent and selective PDE8B/8A inhibitor ( IC50 values are 1.3 and 1.9 nM, respectively). Exhibits selectivity for PDE8A/B over other PDEs (IC50 values are >10 μM) and a range of other targets. Increases glucose-dependent insulin secretion from human pacreatic islet cells. Orally bioavailable. DeNinno et al (2012) Discovery of triazolopyrimidine-based PDE8B inhibitors: exceptionally ligand-efficient and lipophilic ligand-efficient compounds for the treatment of diabetes. Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett. 22 5721 PMID:22858141

Insulin β Chain Peptide (15-23), also referred to as INS, is an insulin-derived peptide that is specifically recognized by islet-associated T cells. The tetramer of Insulin β Chain Peptide (15-23) effectively stained the INS-reactive CTL clone G9C8; however, neither this tetramer nor the negative control tetramer (TUM) exhibited staining on the splenic CD8+ T cells obtained from NOD or 8.3-TCRαβ transgenic NOD mice.