In the CNS, Kainic acid is an effective agonist at excitatory amino acid receptor subtypes.

(-)-(α)-Kainic Acid (hydrate) is a potent excitotoxic agent that can induce seizures. (-)-(α)-Kainic Acid (hydrate) is also an agonist of ionotropic glutamate receptor subtypes.

Generates large inward currents at resting membrane potential

NBQX Disodium (FG9202 disodium) is a highly selective, competitive AMPA receptor antagonist with neuroprotective and anticonvulsant activity. NBQX Disodium is a salt of NBQX. NBQX is a potent and selective AMPA/rhodosinate receptor antagonist that can be used to antagonize the excitatory toxicity of glutamate. It has anticonvulsant effects in rodent models.

EAAT2(GLT1)-selective non-transportable inhibitor of L-glutamate and L-aspartate uptake

Domoic acid is a kainic acid analog.

L-γ-Glutamyl-S-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl] was isolated as the major principle responsible for the inhibition of the in vitro binding of kainic acid to brain glutamate receptors by water extracts of the plant Gastrodia elata.

Neuronotoxicity-IN-1 is a pyridothiazine derivative. Neuronotoxicity-IN-1 is an inhibitor of kainic acid neurotoxicity with neuroprotective activity[1].

(RS)-AMPA ((±)-AMPA) is a glutamate analog. (RS)-AMPA is an agonist of effective and selective excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamic acid.

3-ATA is a selective cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (Cdk4) inhibitor, attenuating kainic acid-induced apoptosis in neurons.

1. Decursin (Decursinol angelate) is able to attenuate kainic acid-induced seizures and could have potential as an antiepileptic drug. 2. Decursin exhibits hepatoprotective effects , potentially by inhibiting the TGF-β1 induced NOX activation and Smad signaling. 3. Decursin has anti-cancer activity , mediated suppression of the PKCα, MAPK and NF-κB pathways in MCF-7 cells. 4. Decursin exhibits cytotoxicity against various human cancer cells and to possess anti-amnesic activity in vivo through the inhibition of AChE activity.

Ibotenic acid hydrate is a neurotoxic isoxazole (similar to Kainic acid and Muscimol) found in Amanita mushrooms. It causes motor depression, ataxia, and changes in mood, perceptions and feelings, and is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist.

Aspalatone is an anti-platelet aggregator (IC50 = 180 μM, in vitro) that prolongs bleeding time significantly in a rodent model of thromboembolism. Additionally at a minimal effective dose of 24 mg/kg, aspalatone generates antioxidant and neuroprotective effects against kainic acid-induced epilepsy in rat hippocampus.

(RS)-AMPA ((±)-AMPA) monohydrate, a potent and selective agonist of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamic acid, is a glutamate analogue. It specifically does not interact with the binding sites of kainic acid or NMDA receptors, highlighting its selectivity [1] [2].