Lignin (Lignine) is the main component of plant cell walls and is a renewable aromatic polymer. Lignin has strong antioxidant activity. Lignin (Lignine) is a natural complex biopolymer with biodegradable and biocompatible.

3,4-Dimethoxybenzyl alcohol is a secondary metabolite of lignin-degrading fungi and is commonly used as a non-phenolic substrate to measure ligninolytic activity.Veratryl alcohol protects lignin peroxidase (LiP) from inactivation by H2O2 and prevents accumulation of LiP III compounds[3].

Schisandrin C, a lignan extracted from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis, exhibits antihepatitis, antitumor, and anti-HIV-1 activities [1].

beta-Hydroxypropiovanillone, an achiral compound, which is further degraded by lignin degradation. It shows tyrosinase inhibitory activities.

Gnetuhainin I (Compound 5), a lignin sourced from Pouzolzia zeylanica, exhibits potent inhibition of ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) with an IC50 value of 2.63 μM [1].

Lepidiline A (Macaline A) is a flavonoid lignin with anti-inflammatory activity. Lepidiline A showed cytotoxic activity against HL-60 cells with IC50 of 32.3 μM. It is the active ingredient of Lepidium meyenii Walpers, a plant in the brassica family, and improves the balance of endogenous sex hormones in mice and the fectility of fruit flies. Lepidiline A targets HSD17B1 gene to enhance enzyme activity, improve the efficiency of sex hormone bioconversion, and improve reproductive ability. Lepidiline A has anticancer activity.

3,3′-Bisdemethylpinoresinol, a natural lignin derivative, exhibits MMP-1 inhibitory activity in UVA-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts and can be isolated from the seeds of Morinda citrifolia [1].

Schibitubin I, a lignin with neuroprotective activity, can be isolated from the fruits of Schisandra bicolor var. tuberculata [1].

d-Epigalbacin ((-)-Zuonin A) is a naturally occurring lignin. d-Epigalbacin is a potent, selective JNKs inhibitor, with IC50s of 1.7 μM, 2.9 μM and 1.74 μM for JNK1, JNK2 and JNK3, respectively.

Tracheloside significantly decreases the activity of alkaline phosphatase (IC50: 0.31 μg/ml), a level of inhibition comparable to that of tamoxifen (IC50: 0.43 μg/ml).

1-Caffeoylquinic acid is an important intermediate in lignin biosynthesis. 1-Caffeoylquinic acid has anti-influenza, and antioxidant activities, it also slows the release of glucose into the bloodstream after a meal.

2 -O-Galloylhyperin (FT-0689359) found in Pyrola. It increases ruminal fiber fermentability by formed wall-bound lignin in primary maize cell walls.

Lignoceric Acid (tetracosanoic acid) is a 24-carbon saturated (24:0) fatty acid and a by-product of lignin production, which is synthesized in the developing brain.