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Epitalon is a synthetic tetrapeptide with anti-aging properties.1,2,3,4 Dietary administration of epitalon (0.00001% w/w) reduces levels of lipid peroxidation products in aged D. melanogaster tissue homogenates.1 Epitalon (1 μg/animal) delays age-related estrous shutdown and decreases the frequency of bone marrow cell chromosomal aberrations in female mice.2 It decreases spontaneous mammary gland and ovarian tumor development and metastasis in aged female mice.3 Epitalon also stimulates melatonin synthesis and normalizes the circadian rhythm of cortisol secretion in senescent female M. mulatta monkeys.4References1. Khavinson, V.K., and Myl'nikov, S.V. Effect of epithalone on the age-specific changes in the time course of lipid peroxidation in Drosophila melanogaster. Bull. Exp. Biol. Med. 130(11), 1116-1119 (2000).2. Anisimov, V.N., Khavinson, V.K., Popovich, I.G., et al. Effect of Epitalon on biomarkers of aging, life span and spontaneous tumor incidence in female Swiss-derived SHR mice. Biogerontology 4(4), 193-202 (2003).3. Kossoy, G., Anisimov, V.N., Ben-Hur, H., et al. Effect of the synthetic pineal peptide epitalon on spontaneous carcinogenesis in female C3H/He mice. In Vivo 20(2), 253-257 (2006).4. Khavinson, V., Goncharova, N., and Lapin, B. Synthetic tetrapeptide epitalon restores disturbed neuroendocrine regulation in senescent monkeys. Neuro. Endocrinol. Lett. 22(4), 251-254 (2001). Epitalon is a synthetic tetrapeptide with anti-aging properties.1,2,3,4 Dietary administration of epitalon (0.00001% w/w) reduces levels of lipid peroxidation products in aged D. melanogaster tissue homogenates.1 Epitalon (1 μg/animal) delays age-related estrous shutdown and decreases the frequency of bone marrow cell chromosomal aberrations in female mice.2 It decreases spontaneous mammary gland and ovarian tumor development and metastasis in aged female mice.3 Epitalon also stimulates melatonin synthesis and normalizes the circadian rhythm of cortisol secretion in senescent female M. mulatta monkeys.4 References1. Khavinson, V.K., and Myl'nikov, S.V. Effect of epithalone on the age-specific changes in the time course of lipid peroxidation in Drosophila melanogaster. Bull. Exp. Biol. Med. 130(11), 1116-1119 (2000).2. Anisimov, V.N., Khavinson, V.K., Popovich, I.G., et al. Effect of Epitalon on biomarkers of aging, life span and spontaneous tumor incidence in female Swiss-derived SHR mice. Biogerontology 4(4), 193-202 (2003).3. Kossoy, G., Anisimov, V.N., Ben-Hur, H., et al. Effect of the synthetic pineal peptide epitalon on spontaneous carcinogenesis in female C3H/He mice. In Vivo 20(2), 253-257 (2006).4. Khavinson, V., Goncharova, N., and Lapin, B. Synthetic tetrapeptide epitalon restores disturbed neuroendocrine regulation in senescent monkeys. Neuro. Endocrinol. Lett. 22(4), 251-254 (2001).

S-Nitrosothiols (RSNOs) are a class of molecules that function as exogenous and endogenous nitric oxide (NO) donors. RSNOs found in vivo include proteins such as S-nitrosohemoglobin and S-nitrosoalbumin, as well as low molecular weight species such as S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and S-nitrosocysteine (CysNO). CAY10565 is a member of a new class of S-nitrosothiol species that act as NO donors under acidic conditions. It decomposes with a half-life of 130 minutes in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 5.0, at 37°C and relaxes phenylephrine-constricted rat aortic strips 71% and 44% at pH 6.0 and 7.4, respectively.

OH-Chol is a cationic cholesterol derivative.1 OH-Chol, as a component of lipoplexes with DOPE , has been used for siRNA delivery and gene silencing in MCF-7 cells, as well as in mice via intravenous injection, resulting in lipoplex accumulation in the liver. It has also been used in cationic nanoparticles in combination with Tween 80 to transfect pDNA and siRNA into PC3 mouse xenografts via intratumoral injection and with Tween 80 and folate-PEG2000-DSPE in a KB mouse xenograft model for intratumoral gene delivery.2References1. Hattori, Y., Nakamura, M., Takeuchi, N., et al. Effect of cationic lipid in cationic liposomes on siRNA delivery into the lung by intravenous injection of cationic lipoplex. J. Drug. Target 27(2), 217-227 (2019).2. Hattori, Y. Development of non-viral vector for cancer gene therapy. Yakugaku Zasshi 130(7), 917-923 (2010). OH-Chol is a cationic cholesterol derivative.1 OH-Chol, as a component of lipoplexes with DOPE , has been used for siRNA delivery and gene silencing in MCF-7 cells, as well as in mice via intravenous injection, resulting in lipoplex accumulation in the liver. It has also been used in cationic nanoparticles in combination with Tween 80 to transfect pDNA and siRNA into PC3 mouse xenografts via intratumoral injection and with Tween 80 and folate-PEG2000-DSPE in a KB mouse xenograft model for intratumoral gene delivery.2 References1. Hattori, Y., Nakamura, M., Takeuchi, N., et al. Effect of cationic lipid in cationic liposomes on siRNA delivery into the lung by intravenous injection of cationic lipoplex. J. Drug. Target 27(2), 217-227 (2019).2. Hattori, Y. Development of non-viral vector for cancer gene therapy. Yakugaku Zasshi 130(7), 917-923 (2010).

2-(1-(Thiophen-2-yl)ethylidene)hydrazinecarbothioamide is an antimicrobial agent.1It is active against the Gram-negative bacteriaE. coli,P. aeruginosa, andS. marcescens(MICs = 64, 100, and 70 μg/ml, respectively), the Gram-positive bacteriaS. aureus,M. luteus, andB. cereus(MICs = 130, 100, and 50 μg/ml, respectively), and the fungiC. albicans,G. candidum,T. rubrum,F. oxysporum,A. flavus, andS. brevicaulis(MICs = 69-120 μg/ml). 2-(1-(Thiophen-2-yl)ethylidene)hydrazinecarbothioamide is also a precursor in the synthesis of other antimicrobial agents, as well as compounds with anticancer activity.1,2 1.Youssef, M.S.K., and Abeed, A.A.O.Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some novel 2-thienyl substituted heterocyclesHeterocycl. Commun.20(1)25-31(2014) 2.Gomha, S.M., Edrees, M.M., and Altalbawy, F.M.A.Synthesis and characterization of some new bis-pyrazolyl-thiazoles incorporating the thiophene moiety as potent anti-tumor agentsInt. J. Mol. Sci.17(9)1499(2016)