n acetyl l tryptophan

Tryptophan, N-indol-3-ylacetyl- (6CI) (Indole-3-acetyl-L-tryptophan) is involved in regulatory mechanisms for the control of auxin activity during physiological and pathophysiological responses. It may also be used in the synthesis of β-D-galactosidase and β-D-glucosidase inhibitors.

N-Acetyl-L-tryptophan (N-acetyltryptophan) is an inhibitor of neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1-receptor, NK1R).

N-acetyl-L-methionine is nutritionally and metabolically equivalent to L-methionine. Methionine is a dietary indispensable amino acid required for normal growth and development of humans, other mammals, and avian species. In addition to being a substrate

N-Cbz-DL-tryptophan is a cholecystokinin receptor antagonist, abolished the response of the isolated heart to CCK-8.

L-Tryptophan (Tryptophane), an essential amino acid, is necessary for normal growth in infants and for nitrogen balance in adults. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid) and of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It can be a precursor to NIACIN, although inefficiently in mammals.

Nepsilon-Acetyl-L-lysine is a derivative of the lysine.

N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine (Ac-Tyr-OH) is a side chain reaction of tyrosine. It converts to tyrosine and then can be used in neurotransmitter treatment as a precursor of cathecholamine.

(1R,5S,6r)-N-(2-methyl-1-((3-methylpyridin-2-yl)oxy)propan-2-yl)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6-carboxamide L(+)-Tartaric acid is a potential SSTR4 agonist.

pGlu-K(-NBD)-Q-R-L-G-N-Q-W-A-V-G-H-L-M-N is a peptides

(S)-3-Phenyl-2-(pyrazine-2-carboxamido)propanoic acid is a biochemical reagent that can be used in biological research.

N-Acetyl-β-Asp-Glu is a peptide neurotransmitter, the third most common neurotransmitter in the mammalian nervous system. NAAG consists of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and glutamate coupled via a peptide bond.

N-Acetyl-α-Endorphin acetate is an acetylated α-Endorphin at N-terminal. α-Endorphin is an endogenous opioid peptide.

N-Acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) is a terminal essential amino sugar derived from galactose and forms the antigens of blood group A in humans.

N-Cbz-L-Leucine (N-[(Phenylmethoxy)carbonyl]-L-leucine) is a leucine derivative, a commonly used amino acid protecting group.

Fmoc-N-methyl-L-alloisoleucine is a biochemical reagent for biosynthesis.

Acetyl-L-carnitine(RO 447190) is an amino acid that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is often used as a dietary supplement for neuroinflammation.Acetyl-L-carnitine is neuroprotective and can be used in the study of neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease.

Acetyl Ser-Asp-Lys-Pro is formed in bone marrow cells by enzymatic processing of thymosin β4. It inhibits the entry of pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells into S-phase of the cell cycle and protects against Ara-C lethality in mice.

N-Acetyl-D-cysteine has antioxidant activities and scavenges ROS through the reaction with its thiol group.

N-(3-Oxodecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (3-Oxo-C10-HSL) functions as a bacterial quorum-sensing signal autoinducer [1].

N-Acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate disodium (GlcNAc-1-P), an anomeric sugar phosphate, plays a crucial role as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of N-linked glycoproteins. Additionally, it serves as a metabolic precursor for the synthesis of bacterial cell-wall components, particularly teichoic acid and murein [1].

Quorum sensing is a regulatory process used by bacteria for controlling gene expression in response to increasing cell density. This regulatory process manifests itself with a variety of phenotypes including biofilm formation and virulence factor production. Coordinated gene expression is achieved by the production, release, and detection of small diffusible signal molecules called autoinducers. The N-acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) comprise one such class of autoinducers, each of which generally consists of a fatty acid coupled with homoserine lactone (HSL). AHLs vary in acyl group length (C4-C18), in the substitution of C3 (hydrogen, hydroxyl, or oxo group) and in the presence or absence of one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the fatty acid chain. These differences confer signal specificity through the affinity of transcriptional regulators of the LuxR family. C14:1-δ9-cis-(L)-HSL is a long-chain AHL that functions as a signaling molecule in the quorum sensing of A. vitis. Regulating bacterial quorum sensing signaling can be used to inhibit pathogenesis and thus, represents a new approach to antimicrobial therpy in the treatment of infectious diseases.

N-Acetyl lysyltyrosylcysteine amide acetate is an effective and selective tripeptide inhibitor of myeloperoxidase (MPO). N-Acetyl lysyltyrosylcysteine amide acetate inhibits MPO-dependent hypochlorous acid (HOCl) generation, protein nitration, and LDL ox

Nrf2 activation of the antioxidant response element (ARE) is central to cytoprotective gene expression against oxidative and/or electrophilic stress. Unless activated by inflammatory, environmental, or oxidative stressors, Nrf2 is sequestered in the cytoplasm by its repressor, Keap1. Because of its protective capabilities, small molecules that activate Nrf2 signaling are being examined as potential anti-cancer or anti-inflammatory agents. DL-Sulforaphane N-acetyl-L-cysteine (SFN-NAC) is a major metabolite of SFN , a powerful inducer of chemopreventative enzymes via Keap1-Nrf2 signaling and ARE-driven gene expression. At 75 μM, SFN-NAC has been shown to increase ARE expression in HepG2-C8 cells. Its reported potency on ARE-related gene expression is roughly 8-fold less than SFN.

Quorum sensing is a regulatory process used by bacteria for controlling gene expression in response to increasing cell density. This regulatory process manifests itself with a variety of phenotypes including biofilm formation and virulence factor production. Coordinated gene expression is achieved by the production, release, and detection of small diffusible signal molecules called autoinducers. The N-acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) comprise one such class of autoinducers, each of which generally consists of a fatty acid coupled with homoserine lactone (HSL). AHLs vary in acyl group length (C4-C18), in the substitution of C3 (hydrogen, hydroxyl, or oxo group) and in the presence or absence of one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the fatty acid chain. These differences confer signal specificity through the affinity of transcriptional regulators of the LuxR family. C18:1-δ9 cis-(L)-HSL is a long-chain AHL that may have antimicrobial activity and thus, might be used to inhibit pathogenesis by regulating bacerial quorum sensing signaling.

Several different arachidonoyl amino acids, including N-arachidonoyl-L-alanine (NALA), have been isolated and characterized from bovine brain. The glycine congener (NAGly) was further characterized and found to suppress formalin-induced pain in rats. NALA may have activity at cannabinoid receptor and/or VR1, but has not been fully characterized to date.

S-(N-Methylsulfinylbutylthiocarbamoyl)-L-cysteine (SFN-Cys) is an isothiocyanate derivative, functioning as an active metabolite of sulforaphane, a class I and II histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, and anticancer agent. This compound is generated from sulforaphane through intermediates - DL-sulforaphane glutathione and sulforaphane cysteinylglycine - via the mercapturic acid pathway enzymes. At a concentration of 20 µM, SFN-Cys diminishes invasion and migration of U87MG and U373 MG glioblastoma cells as observed in wound healing and chamber assays. Furthermore, at 45 µM, it significantly lowers the expression of α-tubulin, βIII-tubulin, stathmin 1, and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), and also reduces cell density in paclitaxel-resistant A549 lung cancer cells (A549/T). Additionally, when used at 30 µM, SFN-Cys prompts apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase in U87MG and U373 MG cells.

Glycine, N-[(1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonyl]thio-L-phenylalanyl-, methyl ester (compound 3b) is a sulfamide-containing polypeptide that can be utilized in the synthesis of peptide-agent coupling compounds [1].

N-3-hydroxybutyryl-L-Homoserine lactone is an N-acyl-homoserine lactone produced by the bacterium V. splendidus and has been found in sequencing batch biofilm reactors used in wastewater treatment.1,2 It is the racemic version of the V. harveyi autoinducer N-((R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone.3 |1. Purohit, A.A., Johansen, J.A., Hansen, H., et al. Presence of acyl-homoserine lactones in 57 members of the Vibrionaceae family. J. Appl. Microbiol. 115(3), 835-847 (2013).|2. Feng, Z., Sun, Y., Li, T., et al. Operational pattern affects nitritation, microbial community and quorum sensing in nitrifying wastewater treatment systems. Sci. Total Environ. 677, 456-465 (2019).|3. Ke, X., Miller, L.C., and Bassler, B.L. Determinants governing ligand specificity of the Vibrio harveyi LuxN quorum-sensing receptor. Mol. Microbiol. 95(1), 127-142 (2015).

Quorum sensing is a regulatory process used by bacteria for controlling gene expression in response to increasing cell density.[1] This regulatory process manifests itself with a variety of phenotypes including biofilm formation and virulence factor production.[2] Coordinated gene expression is achieved by the production, release, and detection of small diffusible signal molecules called autoinducers. The N-acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) comprise one such class of autoinducers, each of which generally consists of a fatty acid coupled with homoserine lactone (HSL). AHLs vary in acyl group length (C4-C18), in the substitution of C3 (hydrogen, hydroxyl, or oxo group) and in the presence or absence of one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the fatty acid chain. These differences confer signal specificity through the affinity of transcriptional regulators of the LuxR family.[3] C16:1-Δ9-(L)-HSL is a long-chain AHL that functions as a quorum sensing signaling molecule in strains of S. meliloti.[4],[5],[6],[7] Regulating bacterial quorum sensing signaling can be used to inhibit pathogenesis and thus, represents a new approach to antimicrobial therapy in the treatment of infectious diseases.[8] Reference：[1]. González, J.E., and Keshavan, N.D. Messing with bacterial quorum sensing. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 70(4), 859-875 (2006).[2]. Gould, T.A., Herman, J., Krank, J., et al. Specificity of acyl-homoserine lactone syntheses examined by mass spectrometry. J. Bacteriol. 188(2), 773-783 (2006).[3]. Penalver, C.G.N., Morin, D., Cantet, F., et al. Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 produces a novel type of acyl-homoserine lactone with a double unsaturated side chain under methylotrophic growth conditions. FEBS Lett. 580(2), 561-567 (2006).[4]. Teplitski, M., Eberhard, A., Gronquist, M.R., et al. Chemical identification of N-acyl homoserine lactone quorum-sensing signals produced by Sinorhizobium meliloti strains in defined medium. Archives of Microbiology 180, 494-497 (2003).[5]. Gao, M., Chen, H., Eberhard, A., et al. sinI- and expR-dependent quorum sensing in Sinorhizobium meliloti. Journal of Bacteriology 187(23), 7931-7944 (2005).[6]. Marketon, M.M., Glenn, S.A., Eberhard, A., et al. Quorum sensing controls exopolysaccharide production in Sinorhizobium meliloti. Journal of Bacteriology 185(1), 325-331 (2003).[7]. Marketon, M., Gronquist, M.R., Eberhard, A., et al. Characterization of the Sinorhizobium meliloti sinR/sinI locus and the production of novel N-Acyl homoserine lactones. Journal of Bacteriology 184(20), 5686-5695 (2002).[8]. Cegelski, L., Marshall, G.R., Eldridge, G.R., et al. The biology and future prospects of antivirulence therapies. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 6(1), 17-27 (2008).

Quorum sensing is a regulatory system used by bacteria for controlling gene expression in response to increasing cell density. Controlling bacterial infections by quenching their quorum sensing systems is a promising field of study. The expression of specific target genes, such as transcriptional regulators belonging to the LuxIR family of proteins, is coordinated by synthesis of diffusible acylhomoserine lactone (AHL) molecules. N-butyryl-L-Homocysteine thio-lactone is an analog of N-butyryl-L-homoserine lactone, the small diffusible signaling molecule involved in quorum sensing, thereby controlling gene expression and cellular metabolism. N-butyryl-L-Homocysteine thio-lactone induces violacein expression in C. violaceum mutants usually not able to produce AHLs.

L-Deoxyalliin , also known as S-allyl-L-cysteine, is a water soluble organosulfur compound derived from garlic that has neuroprotective and antioxidative activities. N-Acetyl-S-allyl-L-cysteine is a principal metabolite of L-deoxyalliin in humans, mice, rats, and dogs. It is readily detected in plasma and urine. The conversion of L-deoxyalliin to N-acetyl-S-allyl-L-cysteine appears to be mediated by a family of flavin-containing monooxygenases.

Quorum sensing is a regulatory system used by bacteria for controlling gene expression in response to increasing cell density. This regulatory process manifests itself with a variety of phenotypes including biofilm formation and virulence factor production. Coordinated gene expression is achieved by the production, release, and detection of small diffusible signal molecules called autoinducers. The N-acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) comprise one such class of autoinducers, each of which generally consists of a fatty acid coupled with homoserine lactone (HSL). Regulation of bacterial quorum sensing signaling systems to inhibit pathogenesis represents a new approach to antimicrobial therapy in the treatment of infectious diseases. AHLs vary in acyl group length (C4-C18), in the substitution of C3 (hydrogen, hydroxyl, or oxo group), and in the presence or absence of one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the fatty acid chain. These differences confer signal specificity through the affinity of transcriptional regulators of the LuxR family. C11-HSL possesses a rare odd-numbered acyl carbon chain and may be a minor quorum-sensing signaling molecule in P. aeruginosa strains.

N-acetyl LTE4 is the major inactive metabolite of LTE4 found in bile. This route of metabolism is prominent in the rat, but of minor importance in humans. N-acetyl LTE4 is 100 times less potent than LTC4 as a vasoconstricting agent. In healthy human subjects urinary excretion of N-acetyl LTE4 is about 1.5 nmol/mol creatinine, which is considerably less than that of LTE4 (12 nmol/mol creatinine).

N-Me-L-Ala-maytansinol used for making antibody-drug conjugate (ADC),is a hydrophobic, cell permeable payload.

N-acetyl-S-geranylgeranyl-L-Cysteine is a synthetic substrate for the isoprenylated protein methyltransferase (also known as S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase). Because it is able to serve as a substrate for the methyltransferase, it effectively functions as an inhibitor of methylation of endogenous isoprenylated proteins.

N-Formyl-L-histidine demonstrates a binding affinity for histidyl-tRNA synthetase, featuring a K i value of 4.6 μM. Additionally, it acts as a competitive inhibitor against L-histidine ammonia-lyase, suppressing urocanic acid formation from L-histidine with a K i value of 4.26 mM [1] [2].

N-Boc-cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline methyl ester serves as a non-cleavable linker in antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) synthesis and functions as an alkyl chain-based PROTAC linker for PROTAC construction[2].

Quorum sensing is a regulatory system used by bacteria for controlling gene expression in response to increasing cell density. Controlling bacterial infections by quenching their quorum sensing systems is a promising field of study. The expression of specific target genes, such as transcriptional regulators belonging to the LuxR family of proteins, is coordinated by the synthesis of diffusible acylhomoserine lactone (AHL) molecules. N-tetradecanoyl-L-Homoserine lactone (C14-HSL) is a small diffusible signaling molecule involved in quorum sensing, thereby controlling gene expression and affecting cellular metabolism in bacteria.[1],[2],[3] It appears later than shorter acyl chain AHLs in developing biofilms[4] and, like other long chain AHLs, stimulates bacterial growth.[5] C14-HSL also alters the proteolytic activity and enhances the migration of some strains of Proteus mirabilis.[6]

Acetyl-L-homoserine lactone belongs to the family of N-acylated homoserine lactones (HSLs) and has an acyl chain length of two carbons. HSLs perform a role in quorum sensing; however, unlike other HSLs, acetyl-L-homoserine lactone does not elicit a response in bacteria. In an assay of carbapenem antibiotic biosynthesis, acetyl-L-homoserine lactone does not induce a response in E. carotovora. In a fluorescence assay using E. coli containing a reporter plasmid of GFP expression in response to exogenous HSLs, acetyl-L-homoserine does not elicit GFP production.

Quorum sensing is a regulatory system used by bacteria for controlling gene expression in response to increasing cell density. Different quorum sensing molecules are produced at different times in bacterial population growth and have distinct cellular effects mediated through changes in gene expression. N-3-hydroxydecanoyl-L-Homoserine lactone is a small diffusible signaling molecule secreted by various bacteria. This lactone is produced via lactonolysis from 3-oxodecanoyl-homoserine lactone, altering quorum sensing or contributing to quorum quenching.

Quorum sensing is a regulatory system used by bacteria for controlling gene expression in response to increasing cell density.[1] This regulatory process manifests itself with a variety of phenotypes including biofilm formation and virulence factor production.[2] Coordinated gene expression is achieved by the production, release, and detection of small diffusible signal molecules called autoinducers. The N-acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) comprise one such class of autoinducers, each of which generally consists of a fatty acid coupled with homoserine lactone (HSL). Regulation of bacterial quorum sensing signaling systems to inhibit pathogenesis represents a new approach to antimicrobial therapy in the treatment of infectious diseases.[3] AHLs vary in acyl group length (C4-C18), in the substitution of C3 (hydrogen, hydroxyl, or oxo group), and in the presence or absence of one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the fatty acid chain. These differences confer signal specificity through the affinity of transcriptional regulators of the LuxR family.[4] C16-HSL is one of a number of lipophilic, long acyl side-chain bearing AHLs, including its monounsaturated analog C16:1-(L)-HSL, produced by the LuxI AHL synthase homolog SinI involved in quorum-sensing signaling in S. meliloti, a nitrogen-fixing bacterial symbiont of certain legumes.[5],[6] C16-HSL is the most abundant AHL produced by the proteobacterium R. capsulatus and activates genetic exchange between R. capsulatus cells.[7] N-Hexadecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone and other hydrophobic AHLs tend to localize in relatively lipophilic cellular environments of bacteria and cannot diffuse freely through the cell membrane. The long-chain N-acylhomoserine lactones may be exported from cells by efflux pumps or may be transported between communicating cells by way of extracellular outer membrane vesicles.[8],[9]Reference:[1]. González, J.E., and Keshavan, N.D. Messing with bacterial quorum sensing Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 70(4), 859-875 (2006).[2]. Gould, T.A., Herman, J., Krank, J., et al. Specificity of acyl-homoserine lactone syntheses examined by mass spectrometry Journal of Bacteriology 188(2), 773-783 (2006).[3]. Cegelski, L., Marshall, G.R., Eldridge, G.R., et al. The biology and future prospects of antivirulence therapies Nature Reviews.Microbiology 6(1), 17-27 (2008).[4]. Penalver, C.G.N., Morin, D., Cantet, F., et al. Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 produces a novel type of acyl-homoserine lactone with a double unsaturated side chain under methylotrophic growth conditions FEBS Letters 580, 561-567 (2006).[5]. Gao, M., Chen, H., Eberhard, A., et al. sinI- and expR-dependent quorum sensing in Sinorhizobium meliloti Journal of Bacteriology 187(23), 7931-7944 (2005).[6]. Teplitski, M., Eberhard, A., Gronquist, M.R., et al. Chemical identification of N-acyl homoserine lactone quorum-sensing signals produced by Sinorhizobium meliloti strains in defined medium Archives of Microbiology 180, 494-497 (2003).[7]. Schaefer, A.L., Taylor, T.A., Beatty, J.T., et al. Long-chain acyl-homoserine lactone quorum-sensing regulation of Rhodobacter capsulatus gene transfer agent production Journal of Bacteriology 184(23), 6515-6521 (2002).[8]. Pearson, J.P., Van Delden, C., and Iglewski, B.H. Active efflux and diffusion are involved in transport of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cell-to-cell signals Journal of Bacteriology 181(4), 1203-1210 (1999).[9]. Mashburn-Warren, L., and Whiteley, M. Special delivery: Vesicle trafficking in prokaryotes Molecular Microbiology 61(4), 839-846 (2006).

N-Acetyl-DL-penicillamine is a chelating agent.1,2,3It inhibits the binding of methyl mercury to isolated human erythrocytes by 50% and removes 50% of methyl mercury ions from methyl mercury-loaded blood cells when used at a concentration of 1 mM.1,2N-Acetyl-DL-penicillamine (3 mmol/kg per day, p.o.) reduces the biological half-life of mercury and decreases liver, kidney, brain, and blood mercury levels, as well as increases urinary excretion of mercury in a concentration-dependent manner, in mice when administered following injection of methyl mercuric chloride. It decreases mercuric chloride-induced mortality in mice when administered orally at a dose of 1.6 mmol/kg.3N-Acetyl-DL-penicillamine is also an analog of SNAP that does not generate nitric oxide and has been used as a negative control in experiments using SNAP.4,5

N-3-oxo-hexadecanoyl-L-Homoserine lactone is an unusual, substituted, long-chain N-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) produced by some bacteria, including strains of Agrobacterium vitis and Pseudomonas. Like other AHLs, this C16-containing form is thought to be involved in quorum sensing. Substituted, long-chain AHLs, including N-3-oxo-tetradecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone , prime for systemic acquired resistance to pathogen attack in plants.

N-3-oxo-pentanoyl-L-Homoserine lactone is a chain-shortened derivative of the bacterial quorum sensing signaling molecule N-3-oxo-octanoyl-L-homoserine lactone .1It inhibits binding of the autoinducer N-3-oxo-hexanoyl homoserine lactone toE. colicontaining the transcription factor LuxR when used at a concentration of 230 nM.2It acts as an autoinducer to activate theV. fischeriluminescence system inE. coliwhen used at concentrations ranging from 20 to 200 nM. 1.Chhabra, S.R., Stead, P., Bainton, N.J., et al.Autoregulation of carbapenem biosynthesis in Erwinia carotovora by analogues of N-(3-oxohexanoyl)-L-homoserine lactoneJ. Antibiot. (Tokyo)46(3)441-454(1993) 2.Schaefer, A.L., Hanzelka, B.L., Eberhard, A., et al.Quorum sensing in Vibrio fischeri: Probing autoinducer-LuxR interactions with autoinducer analogsJ. Bacteriol.178(10)2897-2901(1996)

N-Oleoyl-L-Serine (N-Oleoylserine) is an endogenous long-chain fatty acid amide that is a lipid modulator of bone remodeling and stimulates osteoclast apoptosis which can be used to study osteoporosis. N-Oleoyl-L-Serine showed high activity in an osteoblast proliferation assay.N-Oleoyl-L-Serine promotes osteoclast apoptosis by inhibiting Erk1 2 phosphorylation and expression of nuclear κB ligand (RANKL) receptor activator in bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblasts, which attenuates osteoclast populations.

N-Palmitoyl-L-aspartate (L-N-Palmitoylaspartic acid) is a surfactant used in detergents and is commonly used in the skin care industry.

N-Acetyl-L-methionine (N-Acetylmethionine) is an L-methionine derivative that is nutritionally and metabolically equivalent to L-methionine. It is a superior ROS scavenger.

N-Acetyl-D-mannosamine (ManNAc) is a drug potentially for the treatment of hereditary inclusion body myopathy.

N-Acetyl-D-mannosamine is a monosaccharide used as a precursor in the chemical or enzymatic synthesis of neuraminic acid found in glycolipids and glycoproteins.N-Acetyl-D-mannosamine is a specific substrate for the synthesis of n -acetylneuraminic acid, an essential precursor for bacterial podoplanar polysialic acid (PA).N-Acetyl-D-mannosamine is used in the synthesis of sialic acid. mannosamine is used in the synthesis of sialic acid. It is also an intermediate in the synthesis of many carbohydrate-derived bioactive compound families and drug candidates.N-Acetyl-D-mannosamine is used in the study of cognitive disorders and aging.

Methyl acetyl-L-cysteinate (N-Acetyl-L-cysteine methyl ester) is a cysteine derivative that is used in biosynthesis and is associated with body metabolism and immunity.