neuropeptide y (human) (tfa)

Neuropeptide Y (human) TFA, a compound implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD), exhibits protective effects against β-Amyloid toxicity in rat cortical neurons.

[Leu31,Pro34]-Neuropeptide Y(human,rat) TFA acts as a specific agonist for the neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor and also activates Y4 and Y5 receptors, elevating blood pressure in anesthetized rats and enhancing food intake [1] [2].

Neuropeptide Y (29-64), amide, human (TFA) is involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and protects rat cortical neurons against β-Amyloid toxicity.It is showed that Neuropeptide Y (29-64), amide, human (TFA) is able to protect cortical neurons from Aβ25-35 t

[D-Trp34]-Neuropeptide Y Acetate is a potent and selective agonist of neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y5 receptor. [D-Trp34]-Neuropeptide acetate Y is a significantly less potent agonist at the NPY Y1, Y2, Y4, and y6 receptors. [D-Trp34]-Neuropeptide Y Acetate markedly increases food intake in rats.

Gastrin-Releasing Peptide, human(TFA) is a regulatory human peptide that elicits gastrin release and regulates gastric acid secretion and enteric motor function. The post-ganglionic fibers of the vagus nerve that innervate the G cells of the stomach release GRP, which stimulates the G cells to release gastrin.

Kisspeptin-10, human TFA is a potent vasoconstrictor and angiogenesis inhibitor. Kisspeptin-10, human TFA acts as a tumor metastasis suppressor via its receptor GPR54. Kisspeptin-10-GPR54 system plays an important role in embryonic kidney development. Kisspeptin-10/GPR54 signaling induces osteoblast differentiation via NFATc4-mediated BMP2 expression

Neuropeptide Y (scrambled) Acetate (Pro-Neuropeptide Y (scrambled) Acetate) is a scrambled peptide of Neuropeptide Y that has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may have neuroprotective effects.

Neuropeptide SF (human) aceate is a neuropeptide that augmented paraventricular CRH release and increased ACTH and corticosterone levels in the plasma.

Neuropeptide AF (human) acetate (Neuropeptide AF (human) acetate (192387-38-5 Free base)) is an anti-opioid neuropeptide, a Neuropeptide AF (human) derivative, which regulates adipocyte metabolism.

Neuropeptide Y (29-64), amide, human acetate is involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and protects rat cortical neurons against β-Amyloid toxicity.

Biotin-β-Amyloid (1-42), human TFA, also known as Biotin-Amyloid β-Peptide (1-42) (human) TFA, is a biotin-labeled 42-amino acid peptide implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.

740 Y-P(TFA)(1236188-16-1 free base) (740YPDGFR(TFA)) is a potent and cell-permeable activator of PI3K.

High affinity neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor agonist

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) (18-39), human TFA (CLIP human TFA) is a corticotropin-like intermediate lobe peptide produced in the melanotrophs of the pituitary's intermediate lobe.

Tau protein (592-597), Human (TFA) is a peptide fragment of human Tau protein.

Neuropeptide W-23(human) (NPW-23) is an endogenous ligand for NPBW1 and NPBW2.

CART(55-102)(human) TFA, a human satiety factor, exhibits strong appetite-suppressing activity. It is closely linked with leptin and neuropeptide Y [1] [2].

FibrinopeptideB,human is a 14-amino acid polypeptide released from the amino terminus of the fibrinogen segment.

Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (1-20) (IRBP1-20), a dodecapeptide fragment of retinoid-binding protein 3, plays a crucial role in pigment regeneration by facilitating the transport of retinol and retinal between photoreceptor cells and the retinal pigment epithelium. It has been utilized to provoke autoimmune uveoretinitis in C57BL/6 mice, possessing the H-2b haplotype. Furthermore, IRBP1-20 at a concentration of 3 µM enhances the secretion of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6 from primary mouse spleen lymphocytes. Immunization and subsequent rechallenge with IRBP1-20 lead to increased ear swelling, inflammation of ocular blood vessels, infiltration by immune cells, damage to the photoreceptor layer, and retinal detachment in IFN-γ-deficient mice.

Gastric inhibitory peptide 1 (GIP-1) (3-42), a fragment of the incretin hormone GIP and antagonist to the GIP receptor, is generated through the action of serum dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DDP-4). When administered at 25 nmol/kg to an ob/ob mouse diabetes model, GIP-1 (3-42) elevates plasma glucose levels and lowers plasma insulin levels, demonstrating its effect on reducing insulin secretion from BRIN-BD11 pancreatic cells at a concentration of 100 nM.

LL-37 (18-37), an antimicrobial peptide fragment of LL-37, exhibits activity against S. aureus and C. albicans, with minimum lethal concentrations of 4 µM and 10 µM, respectively. Additionally, it inhibits E. histolytica trophozoites growth at concentrations between 10 to 50 µM.

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) (3-36) is a C-terminal fragment of NPY, a neuropeptide involved in controlling appetite, blood pressure, cardiac contractility, and intestinal secretion. NPY (3-36) is an endogenous peptide produced by cleavage of NPY by dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4). It binds selectively to the NPY receptor Y2 (Ki = 0.41 nM in CHP 234 cells) over the Y1 receptor, where it does not bind at concentrations up to 1 μM. NPY (3-36) (0.1 nM) increases migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by 80% after 12 hours in an in vitro wound closure assay. NPY (3-36) corresponds to residues 3-36 of the human and rat protein sequence.

MART-1 (26-35) (human) TFA is an amino acid residue of 26-35 protein.

Neuropeptide Y (1-24) (human) is a neuropeptide that inhibits electrically stimulated twitch responses in rat vas deferens and activates neurons in the rat CA3 region of the dorsal hippocampus in vivo following N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) induction [1] [2].

MCH (human, mouse, rat) TFA is a potent peptide agonist for MCH receptors, exhibiting binding IC50 values of 0.3 nM for MCH1R and 1.5 nM for MCH2R. It is particularly effective against MCH-2R in a CHO cell line, with functional activation EC50 values of 3.9 nM for MCH-1R and 0.1 nM for MCH-2R, as evidenced by intracellular calcium mobilization measured with FLIPR [1].

CART(62-76)(human,rat) TFA, a neuropeptide encompassing residues 62-76 of the CART peptide, exhibits neurotransmitter-like properties and modulates the striatal noradrenergic system, as well as the corticostriatal and hypothalamic serotoninergic (5-HT) systems in the rat brain [1].

[Ala11,D-Leu15]-Orexin B(human) TFA is a potent, selective agonist for the orexin-2 receptor (OX2), demonstrating 400-fold higher selectivity for OX2 (EC50=0.13 nM) compared to the orexin-1 receptor (OX1) with an EC50 of 52 nM.

Obestatin(human) TFA, an endogenous peptide originating from the same prepropeptide as ghrelin, is known to suppress food intake and reduce weight gain in rats.

Orexin B, human (TFA) is an endogenous agonist at Orexin receptor with Kis of 420 and 36 nM for OX1 and OX2.

(Leu31,Pro34)-Peptide YY (human) (TFA) is the trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) form of (Leu31,Pro34)-Peptide YY (human), a derivative of Peptide YY that acts as a potent and selective Y1 agonist, exhibiting a dissociation constant (K D) of 1.0 nM [1].

β-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH), human TFA, is a 22-residue peptide functioning as an endogenous agonist for the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4-R) [1].

Human β-CGRP TFA (β-CGRP, human TFA) is a calcitonin peptide that functions through interaction with the calcitonin-receptor-like receptor (CRLR) and receptor-activity-modifying protein (RAMP) complex, demonstrating IC50 values of 1 nM and 300 nM for CRLR/RAMP1 and CRLR/RAMP2, respectively, in cellular assays [1].

TNF-α (31-45), human (TFA), is a peptide of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF alpha), an inflammatory cytokine that induces necrosis or apoptosis.

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (1-37), human (TFA), is a highly potent agonist of the GLP-1 receptor and is a pancreatic hormone synthesized through post-translational processing of proglucagon.

Neuropeptide Y(29-64) is a 36-amino acid peptide fragment of Neuropeptide Y.

Neuropeptide Y (13-36), amide, human is a neuropeptide Y receptor agonist.

TNF-α (31-45), human (TFA) is a peptide of tumor necrosis factor-α.

Lys-γ3-MSH(human) TFA, a melanocortin peptide originating from the C-terminal fragment of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), enhances the steroidogenic response of rat adrenal glands to adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH). It is a potent stimulator of lipolysis, demonstrating an apparent EC50 of 3.56 nM, by activating hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and Perilipin A, leading to lipolysis [1] [2].

Human Growth Hormone-Releasing Factor TFA, also known as Growth Hormone-Releasing Factor Human TFA, is a hypothalamic polypeptide that promotes the production and release of growth hormone (GH) through its interaction with the Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Receptor (GHRHR) on anterior pituitary cells [1].

[D-Arg25]-Neuropeptide Y (human) ([D-Arg25] NPY), a Y1 receptor selective agonist, is involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and protects rat cortical neurons from β-Amyloid toxicity [1].

PAMP-12(human, porcine) TFA, a significant constituent of immunoreactive (ir)-PAMP, derives from the adrenomedullin precursor and functions as a potent hypotensive peptide involved in cardiovascular regulation [1].

'(Des-Bromo)-Neuropeptide B (1-23) (human)' is an agonist for orphan G-protein-coupled receptors, exhibiting a K i of 1.2 nM for GPR7 (NPBW1) and 341 nM for GPR8 (NPBW2) respectively [1].

TIP39, a neuropeptide and an agonist for the parathyroid hormone receptor type 2 (PTH2R), effectively increases cAMP levels in COS-7 cells featuring recombinant PTH2R from humans or rats (EC50s = 0.5 and 0.8 nM, respectively), as well as in F-11 cells that naturally express PTH2R (EC50 = 1.15 nM). Furthermore, TIP39 at 1 nM halts the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase and reduces Sox9 expression, a crucial regulator of cartilage differentiation, in CFK2 rat chondrocytes. Additionally, administering 100 pmol/animal of TIP39 reduces the immobility period in the forced swim test in mice, indicating a potential antidepressant effect.

EGFR peptide (myristoylated), a synthetic peptide inhibitor of PKC (IC50 = 5 µM), corresponds to the intracellular region's amino acid sequence of EGFR. It effectively reverses doxorubicin resistance in UV-2237M (UV-2237M-ADRR) fibrosarcoma cells at a concentration of 1 µM.

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) (54-72), a peptide comprising amino acids 54-72 from the mature IL-8 sequence and 81-99 from the pre-processed form, inhibits the flow-based adhesion of primary human neutrophils to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).

β-Casomorphin, human TFA (Human β-casomorphin 7 TFA) an opioid peptide that ACTS as an opioid receptor agonist.

β-CGRP,human tissue is one of the calcitonin peptide, through complex behavior of calcitonin receptor like receptor (CRLR) - and receptor activity - modifying proteins (increased), and 1 and 300 - nM CRLR IC50s/RAMP1 and CRLR/RAMP2 cells.

TNF-α (10-36), human (TFA) is a peptide of human TNF-α.

Neuropeptide Y (29-64), amide, human is a biologically active 36-amino acid peptide.

Angiotensin II human TFA, a potent vasoconstrictor within the renin/angiotensin system, plays a pivotal role in human blood pressure regulation primarily through interactions with the G-protein-coupled receptors Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and Angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R). It not only prompts sympathetic nervous stimulation, aldosterone biosynthesis, and renal effects but also fosters growth in vascular smooth muscle cells and boosts collagen type I and III synthesis in fibroblasts. This action results in the thickening of the vascular wall and myocardium, alongside fibrosis. Additionally, Angiotensin II human TFA triggers apoptosis and encourages capillary formation from endothelial cells through the LOX-1 dependent redox-sensitive pathway [1] [2] [3] [4].