Sephadex G 50 is a gel filtration medium commonly utilized in gel permeation chromatography for effective fractionation of glycopeptide mixtures.

HR1, a mastoid protease, enhances the permeability of human erythrocyte membranes and can induce cytoplasmic membrane permeation in bacteria and mast cells [1].

Substance P (2-11), a fragment peptide of Substance P (SP), exhibits contractile effects on the guinea pig ileum and inhibits the permeation of tritiated SP (3 H SP) across brain microvessel endothelial cell (BBMEC) monolayers [1] [2].

2'-Deoxycytidine is one of the major nucleosides of DNA consisting of cytosine and deoxyribose and inhibits the biological effects of bromodeoxyuridine (Brdu). The nucleoside consists only of a pentose sugar attached to a purine or pyrimidine base and has no phosphate group. When N1 is attached to C1 of deoxyribose, deoxyribosides and nucleotides are formed from cytosine and deoxyribose; deoxycytidine monophosphate (dCMP), deoxycytidine diphosphate (dCDP), and deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP). cTP is the source of cytosine in RNA (ribonucleic acid) and deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) is the source of deoxycytidine in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Itaconic acid is a polymer.

Butyl carbitol acetate enables deep permeation into the textile, with its low vapor pressure and boiling point.

AChE/BChE/BACE-1-IN-2 (Compound 4o) exhibits remarkable antioxidant potential and considerable binding capability towards PAS-AChE. AChE/BChE/BACE-1-IN-2 is an orally active AChE, BACE-1 and BChE inhibitor with IC 50 values of 0.069, 0.097 and 0.127 μM against hAChE, hBACE-1 and hBChE, respectively. AChE/BChE/BACE-1-IN-2 shows potential disassembly of Aβ aggregates and neuroprotective activity against Aβ-induced stress with excellent brain permeation [1].

TH-237A is a novel neuroprotective agent exhibiting favorable permeation across the blood-brain barrier.

Pal-KTTKS is a lipidated pentapeptide consisting of a fragment of the type I collagen C-terminal propeptide conjugated to palmitic acid .1 It increases collagen production in human corneal and dermal fibroblasts when used at concentrations of 0.002, 0.004, and 0.008 wt%.2 Following topical administration, pal-KTTKS (50 μg/cm2) is found in the stratum corneum, epidermis, and dermis of isolated hairless mouse skin.1 It can self-assemble into flat tapes and extended fibrillar structures.3 Pal-KTTKS has been detected in anti-wrinkle creams.4 |1. Choi, Y.L., Park, E.J., Kim, E., et al. Dermal stability and in vitro skin permeation of collagen pentapeptides (KTTKS and palmitoyl-KTTKS). Biomol. Ther. (Seoul) 22(4), 321-327 (2014).|2. Jones, R.R., Castelletto, V., Connon, C.J., et al. Collagen stimulating effect of peptide amphiphile C16-KTTKS on human fibroblasts. Mol. Pharm. 10(3), 1063-1069 (2013).|3. Castelletto, V., Hamley, I.W., Whitehouse, C., et al. Self-assembly of palmitoyl lipopeptides used in skin care products. Langmuir 29(29), 9149-9155 (2013).|4. Chirita, R.-I., Chaimbbault, P., Archambault, J.-C., et al. Development of a LC-MS/MS method to monitor palmitoyl peptides content in anti-wrinkle cosmetics. Anal. Chim. Acta 641(1-2), 95-100 (2009).

Cognac oil, predominantly derived from wine lees, exhibits distinctive fatty acid compositions, characterized by high proportions of Palmitic acid (59.26%), Linoleic acid (11.92%), Myristic acid (8.97%), and Oleic acid (8.3%) among other fatty acids. Notably, the application of Cognac oil enhances the permeability of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) across various membranes, resulting in a generalized increase in permeation.

Salcaprozate sodium (SNAC), an oral absorption promoter, serves as a potent delivery agent for oral heparin and insulin by enhancing passive transcellular permeation through small intestinal epithelia. This is achieved through its capability to increase lipophilicity via non-covalent macromolecule complexation.

Hirsuteine is a natural product. It non-competitively antagonizes nicotine-mediated dopamine release by blocking ion permeation through nicotinic receptor channel complexes.

Taxol C can reduce interaction with the P-glycoprotein transporter that may allow for increased permeation of taxanes into the brain.