phytoalexin

Umbelliferone (7-Hydroxycoumarin) is found in anise. Umbelliferone occurs widely in plants including Angelica species Phytoalexin of infected sweet potat. It has been reported to have antioxidant properties.

Dihydropinosylvinin is an phytoalexin, it shows antifungal activity against Cladosporium cladosporioides, Botryodiplodia theobromae, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium schlerotgenum, it also exhibits strong antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus, S

2α,3α,24-Trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid, a triterpenoid phytoalexin isolated from the peel of unripe fruits of nectarine (Prunus persica cv Fantasia), exhibits antifungal activity against the fungus mentioned.

Isomedicarpin is a phytoalexin.

Actinidic acid is a triterpene phytoalexin from unripe kiwi fruit.

Sakuranetin, a flavanone phytoalexin from ultraviolet-irradiated rice leaves, it has antifungal, antimutagenic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects

Cerebroside C is a fungal metabolite and glycosphingolipid that has been found in the rice pathogenic fungusM. grisea.1It induces production of the phytoalexin momilactone A when applied to wounded rice leaves, indicating that cerebroside C is an elicitor of the hypersensitive response in rice. Cerebroside C increases germination rate and reduces germination time in wheat seeds in a concentration-dependent manner at 4°C.2It also increases root length, fresh weight, and dry weight of wheat seedlings when used at a concentration of 20 μg/ml at 4°C, indicating increased chilling tolerance. 1.Koga, J., Yamuchi, T., Shimura, M., et al.Cerebrosides A and C, sphingolipid elicitors of hypersensitive cell death and phytoalexin accumulation in rice plantsJ. Biol. Chem.273(48)31985-31991(1998) 2.Li, H.-X., Xiao, Y., Cao, L.-L., et al.Cerebroside C increases tolerance to chilling injury and alters lipid composition in wheat rootsPLoS One8(9)e73380(2013)

5-Acetyl-2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)benzofuran is a phytoalexin.

Phaseollidin, an antimicrobial phytoalexin, is produced by Phaseolus vulgaris (French bean).

9-(4'-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxyphenalen-1-one(4'-Hydroxy-2-O-methylanigorufone) is a phytoalexin. It shows a strong α-glucosidase inhibitory effect.

Noraucuparin, a biphenyl-type phytoalexin with antifungal properties, can be isolated from the leaves of Sorbus pohuashanensis [1].

Concanavalin A is a natural product, a phytoalexin (glycan-binding protein). Concanavalin A has antitumor activity and can also induce acute liver injury.

Camalexin, a phytoalexin isolated from (Camelina sativa), exhibits antifungal, antibacterial, antiproliferative, and anticancer activities, and can induce ROS production.

Caulilexin C shows inhibitory activity on human Acyl CoA: cholesterol transferase I (hACATI) and on human Acyl CoA: cholesterol transferase 2 (hACAT2) at 100 mug ml.

2α,3α,24-Trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid, a triterpenoid phytoalexin, shows antifungal activity against the fungus mentioned. It also shows in vitro cytotoxic activity against tumor cell lines including PLC,Hep3B,HepG2,HeLa,SW480,MCF-7 and Bel7402.

(-)-Sativan is a phytoalexin.

Phaseollidin hydrate shows less antifungal activity than the original phytoalexin phaseollidin.

3,9-Dihydroxypterocarpan and phaseollidin are all good precursors of the pterocarpan phytoalexin phaseollin.

Medicarpin-3-O-glucoside, a phytoalexin, inhibits the germination of G. intraradices spores and hyphal elongation.

(+)-Columbianetin ((S)-Columbianetin) is a new phytoalexin associated with celery (Apium graveolens) resistance to pathogens during storage, it also has antifungal activity. (+)-Columbianetin has anti-inflammatory effects, it promotes histamine release, and inhibits the histamine release by substance P, suggests that it may be helpful in regulating mast cell-mediated allergic inflammatory responses. (+)-Columbianetin can be effectively used to protect keratinocytes from UVB induced damage.

Pisatin is an isoflavonoid phytoalexin synthesized by pea (Pisum sativum L.).

2',6'-Dihydroxy-4'-methoxyacetophenone is a phytoalexin after fungal inoculation with Botrytis cinerea or UV light irradiation, it has spore germination inhibition on Botrytis cinerea and Phomopsis perniciosa, with ED50 values of 45 and 410 uM, respective

5-Acetyl-6-hydroxy-2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)benzofuran is a phytoalexin.

Eriobofuran, a phytoalexin, has antimicrobialactivity, it can inhibit strongly the spore germination and germ tube growth of Pestalotia funerea, a host-pathogenic fungus of loquat tree.

Vestitol is a phytoalexin with insect feeding-deterrent activity, it has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities, it can inhibit neutrophil migration at a dose of 10 mg/kg, and shows MICs ranging from 25-50 to 50-100 ug/mL and MBCs ranging from 25-50 to 50-100 ug/mL.Vestitol exerts a limited inhibitory effect on S. hermonthica germination, it can significantly inhibit seedling growth, it also contributes, at least in part, to the host's defence mechanism and acts as a chemical barrier against the intrusion of the parasite.

Oryzalexin E, a diterpene phytoalexin, is isolated from rice leaves exposed to ultraviolet radiation. It inhibits the germination of Pyricularia oryzae spores, with an effective dose (ED50) of 62.5 ppm.

Brassinin (BSN) (BSN) is a phytoalexin isolated from B. campestris that exhibits anticancer, chemopreventative, antiproliferative, and antifungal activities.