Rhein (NSC 38629) is an anthraquinone compound extracted from Polygonaceae Rheum Officinale with anti-inflammation and antitumor activities.

Rhein-8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside(Rhein-8-glucoside calcium (Rhein-8-glucoside calcium salt) salt) shows moderate bioactivity against human Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (hPTP1B) in vitro.

D-Arabitol is a polyol that can lead to neurotoxicity when accumulated in the body.

Aporheine is a natural product from Phellinus igniarius.

Torachrysone shows promising antioxidant activity. Torachrysone, toralactone , aloe-emodin, rhein and emodin show noticeable antibacterial effects on four strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 2-

Diacerein (Fisiodar) is a prodrug which is metabolized to rhein. It is currently approved in France for the treatment of osteoarthritis although the use of diacerein is restricted due to the side effects including sevre diarrhea [L780]. Diacerein is under investigation for the treatment of Insulin Resistance, Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2), and Diabetes-Related Complications.