spatial learning

SB 202190 (FHPI) is a p38 MAPK inhibitor that inhibits p38α and p38β2 (IC50=50/100 nM) selectively and cell-permeably. SB 202190 has antitumor activity and also induces the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into cardiomyocytes.

Ginsenoside Rg1 (Panaxoside Rg1) is a class of steroid glycosides, and triterpene saponins found exclusively in the plant genus Panax (ginseng). It improves spatial learning and increase hippocampal synaptophysin level in mice, plus demonstrates estrogen-like activity.

CGP 35348 is a selective antagonist of GABAB receptor (EC50 = 34 μM). CGP 35348 can be used in studies of neuromuscular coordination and spatial learning after neonatal brain damage in albino mice.

Yhhu-3792 hydrochloride is a compound that bolsters the self-renewal capacity of neural stem cells (NSCs), catalyzes the Notch signaling pathway, and upregulates expression of Hes3 and Hes5. It augments the NSC pool, stimulates endogenous neurogenesis in the mouse hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), and enhances mice's spatial and episodic memory skills. This compound shows promise for researching learning and memory impairments linked to DG dysfunction [1].

(S)-MCPG ((+)-MCPG) is a class I/II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) antagonist that blocks spatial learning and long-term enhancement of the dentate gyrus in vivo in rats, and can be used to study neurological disorders.

Amyloid-β (1-42) (Aβ42) is a neurotoxic 42-amino acid protein fragment found in amyloid plaques in postmortem cerebral cortex from patients with Alzheimer's disease.1,2,3Aggregation of Aβ42 results in the formation of neurotoxic fibrils or globular oligomers.1Aβ42 accumulates in the brain of many transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease and, in many models, the onset of amyloid deposition positively correlates with deficits in spatial learning and memory.4 1.Wolfe, M.S.Therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's diseaseNat. Rev. Drug Discov.1(11)859-866(2002) 2.Iwatsubo, T., Odaka, A., Suzuki, N., et al.Visualization of Aβ42(43) and Aβ40 in senile plaques with end-specific Aβ monoclonals: Evidence that an initially deposited species is Aβ42(43)Neuron13(1)45-53(1994) 3.Hardy, J.A., and Higgins, G.A.Alzheimer's disease: The amyloid cascade hypothesisScience256(5054)184-185(1992) 4.Jankowsky, J.L., and Zheng, H.Practical considerations for choosing a mouse model of Alzheimer's diseaseMol. Neurodegener.12(1)89(2017)