thyrotropinreleasing hormone (trh), free acid

Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH), Free Acid (TRH-OH), induces various thyroidal and non-thyroidal effects, most notably the feedback regulation of thyroid hormone levels.

Cholecystokinin (26-33) free acid, a part of cholecystokinin (CCK), is a highly selective ligand for CCKB-type receptors found in the vertebrate CNS and induces a mild taste aversion conditioned reflex in rats.

Melittin free acid, a basic 26-amino-acid polypeptide, constitutes the primary active component of honeybee venom and serves as a phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activator. Exhibiting a broad-spectrum antifungal effect, it presents MIC values ranging from 0.4-60 μM. Its mechanism includes inducing cell apoptosis, inhibiting (1,3)-β-D-glucan synthase, and engaging in multiple pathways [1] [2].

PACAP (1-38) free acid TFA, an endogenous neuropeptide, effectively enhances antral motility and somatostatin secretion, while concurrently suppressing gastrin secretion and promoting the release of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, gastrin-releasing peptide, and substance P. Additionally, it amplifies N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor function and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression via RACK1 [1] [2].

PACAP (1-38) free acid, an endogenous neuropeptide, potently modulates gastrointestinal and neuroendocrine functions. It enhances antral motility, increases somatostatin secretion, and stimulates the release of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, gastrin releasing peptide, and substance P, while concurrently inhibiting gastrin secretion. Additionally, it augments N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor function and upregulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression via RACK1 [1] [2].

Oxytocin free acid, also known as 9-Deamidooxytocin, is an analog of oxytocin where the glycinamide residue at position 9 has been substituted with a glycine residue. Oxytocin, a pleiotropic peptide hormone, has wide-ranging implications for general health, adaptation, development, reproduction, and social behavior.

PA22-2 (free acid) (Cys-Laminin A chain 2091-2108), a peptide, promotes neurite outgrowth and facilitates the formation of neuron-like processes. It is used in the culturing of human adenoid cystic carcinoma cells and the development of peptide-functionalized supported phospholipid bilayers [1] [2] [3].

Myristoyl-(Lys12,27,28)-VIP-Gly-Gly-Thr (free acid) acts as a selective and potent antagonist of the VPAC2 receptor [1].

Substance P, Free Acid, is a synthetic analog of native Substance P but lacks its biological activity.

(D-Trp6)-LHRH free acid is a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist [1].

Urocortin III (mouse) (free acid), a selective high-affinity agonist for the CRF2 receptor, significantly inhibits gastric emptying without affecting colonic transit [1] [2].