Trophoblast glycoprotein (TPBG), also known as 5T4, is the therapeutic target of several anticancer agents currently in clinical development, largely due to its high expression in tumors and low expression in normal adult tissues. 5T4/TPBG Protein, Human, Recombinant (aa 60-345, His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 33.1 kDa and the accession number is Q13641.

Trophoblast glycoprotein (TPBG), also known as 5T4, is the therapeutic target of several anticancer agents currently in clinical development, largely due to its high expression in tumors and low expression in normal adult tissues. 5T4/TPBG Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 37.2 kDa and the accession number is Q9Z0L0.

Trophoblast glycoprotein (TPBG), also known as 5T4, is the therapeutic target of several anticancer agents currently in clinical development, largely due to its high expression in tumors and low expression in normal adult tissues. 5T4/TPBG Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 62.5 kDa and the accession number is Q9Z0L0.

Interferon tau-1/IFNT1 Protein, Bovine, Recombinant (His) is expressed in yeast with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 21.8 kDa and the accession number is P15696.

HSD3B1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 33.4 kDa and the accession number is P14060.

May function as an inhibitor of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling by indirectly interacting with LRP6 and blocking Wnt3a-dependent LRP6 internalization. 5T4/TPBG Protein, Rat, Recombinant (His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-SUMO tag. The predicted molecular weight is 51.8 kDa and the accession number is Q5PQV5.

Trophoblast glycoprotein (TPBG), also known as 5T4, is the therapeutic target of several anticancer agents currently in clinical development, largely due to its high expression in tumors and low expression in normal adult tissues. 5T4/TPBG Protein, Human, Recombinant (aa 1-355, His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 36.15 kDa and the accession number is NP_006661.1.

Interferon tau-1/IFNT1 Protein, Bovine, Recombinant (E. coli, His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 23.8 kDa and the accession number is P15696.

May function as an inhibitor of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling by indirectly interacting with LRP6 and blocking Wnt3a-dependent LRP6 internalization. 5T4/TPBG Protein, Cynomolgus, Recombinant (E. coli, His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 41.9 kDa and the accession number is Q4R8Y9.

May function as an inhibitor of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling by indirectly interacting with LRP6 and blocking Wnt3a-dependent LRP6 internalization. 5T4/TPBG Protein, Cynomolgus, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 39.9 kDa and the accession number is Q4R8Y9.

VIP, or vasoactive intestinal peptide, is a neuropeptide of 28 amino acid residues that belongs to a glucagon/secretin superfamily, and it exerts its actions through three G-protein-coupled receptors (PAC1, VPAC1, and VPAC2). VIP is synthesized by trophoblast cells; it regulates trophoblast cell function and interaction with the major immune cell populations present in the pregnant uterus.

Pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein 9(PSG9) is a secreted protein and contains 3 Ig-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domains, 1 Ig-like V-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain. It is a member of the PSG family, a group of closely related secreted glycoproteins that are highly expressed in fetal placental syncytiotrophoblast cells. The members of the PSG protein family all have a characteristic N-terminal domain that is homologous to the immunoglobulin variable region. PSGs become detectable in serum during the first two to three weeks of pregnancy and increase as the pregnancy progresses, eventually representing the most abundant fetal protein in the maternal blood at term. PSGs function to stimulate secretion of TH2-type cytokines from monocytes, and they may also modulate the maternal immune system during pregnancy, thereby protecting the semi-allotypic fetus from rejection. PSGs are commonly expressed in trophoblast tumors. Eleven human PSG proteins (PSG1-PSG11) have been described.

In the first trimester, the GM-CSF-R was found to be present on villous cytotrophoblast and all populations of extravillous trophoblast. Expression by villous syncytiotrophoblast was weak or absent, but this increased markedly by term. GM-CSF-R were also expressed by fetal Hofbauer cells within the mesenchyme of the chorionic villi and by uterine glandular epithelium and decidual macrophages within maternal decidua. GM-CSFR alpha Protein, Cynomolgus, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 35.47 kDa and the accession number is A0A2K5UC70.

Insulin-like 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the INSL3 gene. It is a secreted protein that belongs to the insulin family. It is expressed in prenatal and postnatal Leydig cells and found as well in the corpus luteum, trophoblast, fetal membranes and breast. It may act as a hormone to regulate growth and differentiation of gubernaculum, and thus mediating intra-abdominal testicular descent.It is a ligand for LGR8 receptor.

In the first trimester, the GM-CSF-R was found to be present on villous cytotrophoblast and all populations of extravillous trophoblast. Expression by villous syncytiotrophoblast was weak or absent, but this increased markedly by term. GM-CSF-R were also expressed by fetal Hofbauer cells within the mesenchyme of the chorionic villi and by uterine glandular epithelium and decidual macrophages within maternal decidua. GM-CSFR alpha Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Avi), Biotinylated is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His-Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 37.7 kDa and the accession number is P15509-1.

Placental growth factor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PGF gene. It is a secreted protein and belongs to the PDGF/VEGF growth factor family. Alternate splicing results in at least three human mature PlGF forms containing 131 (PlGF‑1), 152 (PlGF‑2), and 203 (PlGF‑3) amino acids (aa) respectively. PlGF is mainly found as a variably glycosylated, secreted, 55 ‑ 60 kDa disulfide linked homodimer.The protein is a member of the VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) sub-family-a key molecule in angiogenesis and vasculogenesis, in particular during embryogenesis. The main source of PGF during pregnancy is the placental trophoblast. PGF is also expressed in many other tissues, including the villous trophoblast. PlGF (especially PlGF‑1) and some forms of VEGF can form dimers that decrease the angiogenic effect of VEGF on VEGF R2. PlGF‑2, like VEGF164/165, shows heparin‑dependent binding of neuropilin (Npn)‑1 and Npn‑2, and can inhibit nerve growth cone collapse. Circulating PlGF often correlates with tumor stage and aggressiveness, and therapeutic PlGF‑2 antibodies are being investigated for their ability to inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis.

Placental growth factor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PGF gene. It is a secreted protein and belongs to the PDGF/VEGF growth factor family. The protein is a member of the VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) sub-family-a key molecule in angiogenesis and vasculogenesis, in particular during embryogenesis. The main source of PGF during pregnancy is the placental trophoblast. PGF is also expressed in many other tissues, including the villous trophoblast.

In the first trimester, the GM-CSF-R was found to be present on villous cytotrophoblast and all populations of extravillous trophoblast. Expression by villous syncytiotrophoblast was weak or absent, but this increased markedly by term. GM-CSF-R were also expressed by fetal Hofbauer cells within the mesenchyme of the chorionic villi and by uterine glandular epithelium and decidual macrophages within maternal decidua. GM-CSFR alpha Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 33.1 kDa and the accession number is Q00941.

The recently identified 14-3-3 tau, whose corresponding gene name is YWHAQ, is in a hypoxia-treated human trophoblast cell line. YWHAQ may play a role in epigenetic regulation of placental genes in the onset of Preeclampsia (PE). Moreover, there was a closer relationship between blood pressure and methylation levels of the YWHAQ promoter.

PLAC9 belongs to the PLAC9 family. PLAC9 gene is a placental-enriched gene. There are other two placental-enriched genes: Plac1 and Plac8. Plac1 is strongly expressed in all trophoblast-derived cells in the placenta and has been described in 2. Plac8 expression is restricted to the spongiotrophoblast layer during development, whereas PLAC9 is weakly expressed though highly enriched in placenta. For both, cDNAs with complete open reading frames were recovered and exon-intron structures inferred from comparisons of mouse cDNA and genomic sequence. The predicted proteins both contain putative signal peptides, with a coiled-coil segment of mPLAC9 as the only other detected motif. Genomic sequence comparisons reveal that in addition to an apparent pseudogene on chromosome 1, Plac8 is expressed at mouse cytoband 5e3.

This endogenous retroviral envelope protein has retained its original fusogenic properties and participates in trophoblast fusion and the formation of a syncytium during placenta morphogenesis. May induce fusion through binding of SLC1A4 and SLC1A5.; Endogenous envelope proteins may have kept, lost or modified their original function during evolution. Retroviral envelope proteins mediate receptor recognition and membrane fusion during early infection. The surface protein (SU) mediates receptor recognition, while the transmembrane protein (TM) acts as a class I viral fusion protein. The protein may have at least 3 conformational states: pre-fusion native state, pre-hairpin intermediate state, and post-fusion hairpin state. During viral and target cell membrane fusion, the coiled coil regions (heptad repeats) assume a trimer-of-hairpins structure, positioning the fusion peptide in close proximity to the C-terminal region of the ectodomain. The formation of this structure appears to drive apposition and subsequent fusion of membranes.