a-2-binding peptide

Autocamtide-2-related inhibitory peptide, myristoylated acetate is a CaM kinase II inhibitor; enhanced cell permeable derivative of Autocamtide-2-related inhibitory peptide.

OVA G4 peptide acetate(148274-82-2 free base) (SIIGFEKL acetate) is a variant of the agonist ovalbumin (OVA) peptide (257-264), SIINFEKL. OVA Peptide is a class I (Kb)-restricted peptide epitope of ovalbumin presented by the class I MHC (major histocompatibility complex) molecule, H-2Kb (class I genes of the mouse MHC).

PAR-2 Activating Peptide acetate (SLIGRL-NH2 acetate) is an agonist of Protease-Activated Receptor-2 (PAR-2).

Fibrinogen-Binding Peptide (designed by anticomplementarity hypothesis) is a presumptive peptide mimic of the vitronectin binding site on the fibrinogen receptor. Fibrinogen-Binding Peptide binds fibrinogen and inhibits both the adhesion of platelets to fibrinogen and platelet aggregation, and also inhibits the adhesion of platelets to vitronectin

Mast Cell Degranulating Peptide HR-2 acetate from giant hornet Vespa orientalis that has biological effects similar to mast cell degranulating peptide from bee venom.

A2-Binding peptide has involved in the assembly of MHC Class I molecules.

Biotin-labeled Hyaluronan-binding Peptide is a biologically active peptide conjugated with biotin via a C-terminal GGGSK linker. It interacts with the non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA), prominent in the extracellular matrix and on cellular surfaces, involved in processes such as fertilization, embryonic development, wound healing, angiogenesis, leukocyte migration, and cancer metastasis. The peptide impedes HA's interaction with CD44 receptors and curtails T cell proliferation.

Peptide from giant hornet Vespa orientalis that has biological effects similar to mast cell degranulating peptide from bee venom.

Competence-Stimulating Peptide-2 (CSP-2) is a quorum sensing signal peptide synthesized by Streptococcus pneumoniae. ComD2, a compatible receptor of CSP-2, exhibits an EC 50 value of 50.7 nM.

Bombinin-like peptide 2, an antimicrobial peptide sourced from the skin secretions of the Asian toad (Bombina orientalis), exhibits antimicrobial properties [1].

Fibrinogen-Binding Peptide (designed by anticomplementarity hypothesis) is a presumptive peptide mimic of the vitronectin binding site on the fibrinogen receptor. Fibrinogen, a soluble plasma protein, is a cofactor in platelet activation. It is converted

C-Peptide 2, rat acetate is a proinsulin component of inhibiting glucose-induced insulin secretion, consisting of acetate and a polypeptide composed of 31 amino acid residues [1] [2].

Xenopsin-Related Peptide 2 (XP-2), an avian analog of amphibian Xenopsin, exhibits efficacy in histamine release from isolated rat mast cells comparable to that of synthetic Bradykinin [1].

Casein Kinase 2 Substrate Peptide, a widely recognized CK2 substrate, is synthesized with its C-terminus conjugated to 5-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid (EDANS). This peptide serves as a tool for determining protein kinase CK2 activity [1].

Calmodulin Binding Peptide 1, a potent CaM-binding peptide with picomolar (pM) affinity, originates from smooth muscle myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK peptide). It effectively blocks inositol trisphosphate (IP3)-induced calcium (Ca2+) release [1].

ErbB-2-binding peptide (HER2-binding peptide), a tumor-targeting peptide, holds potential for cancer research applications [1].

This peptide is a scrambled sequence of NADPH oxidase assembly peptide inhibitor gp91 ds-tat. It is used as a control peptide. It is two amino acid residues shorter at the N-terminus compared to the scrambled gp91 ds-tat.

Autocamtide-2-related inhibitory peptide is a highly specific and potent inhibitor of CaMKII with an IC50 of 40 nM.

Autocamtide-2-related inhibitory peptide (TFA) acts as a highly specific and potent CaMKII inhibitor, exhibiting an IC50 value of 40 nM.

Myristoylated Autocamtide-2-related inhibitory peptide, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) form, is a potent and highly specific inhibitor of CaMKII, exhibiting an IC50 of 40 nM [1]. This compound constitutes the myristoylated variant of Autocamtide-2-related inhibitory peptide.

Fibrinogen Binding Inhibitor Peptide, a synthetic dodecapeptide, represents the specific platelet receptor recognition site of the human fibrinogen g-chain (residues 400-411).

Phospho-Glycogen Synthase Peptide-2 (substrate) serves as a peptide substrate for glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) and is utilized for the affinity purification of protein-serine kinases [1].

Tau Peptide (275-305), also known as the R2 domain fragment, represents the second repeat unit of the microtubule-binding domain of the Alzheimer's tau peptide. Tau Peptide (275-305) is considered crucial in determining the biochemical characteristics of the complete tau protein.

Phospho-Glycogen Synthase Peptide-2, a substrate for glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), serves as a peptide substrate effective in the affinity purification of protein-serine kinases.

C-Peptide 2, rat, a 31-amino-acid peptide, serves as a constituent in proinsulin. It possesses the ability to hinder glucose-triggered insulin secretion.

Integrin Binding Peptide, derived from fibronectin, holds the potential as an essential component for preparing PEG hydrogels.

OVA G4 peptide TFA is an TFA salt form of OVA G4 peptide. G4 peptide (SIIGFEKL) is a variant of the agonist ovalbumin (OVA) peptide (257-264), SIINFEKL. OVA Peptide is a class I (Kb)-restricted peptide epitope of ovalbumin presented by the class I MHC (major histocompatibility complex) molecule, H-2Kb (class I genes of the mouse MHC).

WRW4 TFA (878557-55-2 free base) is a specific formyl peptide receptor-like 1 (FPRL1) antagonist, inhibits WKYMVm binding to FPRL1 with an IC50 of 0.23 μM. WRW4 TFA(878557-55-2 free base) specifically inhibits the increase in intracellular calcium by the FPRL1 agonists MMK-1, amyloid beta42 (Abeta42) peptide, and F peptide.

PKA inhibitor fragment (6-22) amide Acetate is a synthetic peptide which selectively inhibits PKA activity by binding to its substrate site (IC50 < 2 nM).

Amyloid β-Protein 10-20 acetate (Amyloid β-Protein 10-20 acetate (152286-31-2 free base)) is a fragment of Amyloid-β peptide, maybe used in the research of neurological disease.Amyloid β protein fragment containing the α-secretase processing site (Lys16-Leu17 bond). It also contains the HHQK domain (residues 13-16) responsible for binding to microglial cells.

Phytochelatin 2, a short plant peptide, serves as an essential metal-binding compound. Phytochelatins are a diverse group of plant compounds that play a crucial role in chelating metals, safeguarding against metal toxicity, and maintaining metal homeostasis.

PNC-28, a peptide derived from the mdm-2-binding domain of p53 protein (residues 17–26), incorporates a membrane-crossing penetratin sequence. This compound is utilized in pancreatic cancer research [1] [2].

LXW7 TFA, a cyclic peptide encompassing Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD), serves as an inhibitor of integrin αvβ3. It demonstrates high binding affinity towards αvβ3 integrin, evidenced by an IC50 value of 0.68 μM. Additionally, LXW7 TFA promotes the phosphorylation of VEGFR-2 and the activation of ERK1/2, contributing to its anti-inflammatory effects [1] [2] [3].

Klotho-derived peptide 1 (KP1) (56-87), a peptide originating from the human Klotho protein, disrupts TGF-β signaling by binding to TGF-β receptor types 1 and 2 (TGFBR1 and TGFBR2; Kds = 1.41 and 14.6 µM, respectively). Preincubation with KP1 at a concentration of 10 µg/ml hinders the TGF-β-induced escalation of fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) levels in NRK-49F rat fibroblasts. Furthermore, in vivo studies reveal that KP1, administered at 1 mg/kg per day, preferentially accumulates in damaged kidneys, leading to significant reductions in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels, indicators of improved kidney function. Additionally, it decreases kidney fibrosis in mouse models of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and unilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury-induced renal fibrosis.

bFGF (119-126) is a biologically active peptide corresponding to the residues of human, bovine (119-126), mouse, rat (118-125), and Heparin-Binding Growth Factor 2 (118-125) within bFGF. It functions to inhibit the dimerization and activation of bFGF receptors.

PAR2 (1-6) amide is a synthetic peptide agonist of proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) that corresponds to residues 1-6 of the amino terminal tethered ligand sequence of human PAR2 and residues 37-42 of the full-length sequence.1It binds to NCTC 2544 cells expressing human PAR2 (Ki= 9.64 μM in a radioligand binding assay) and induces calcium mobilization in the same cells (EC50= 0.075 μM).2PAR2 (1-6) amide (100 μM) reduces colony formation of A549 lung cancer cells.1It induces superoxide production and degranulation in isolated human eosinophils when used at a concentration of 500 μM.3PAR2 (1-6) amide (5 μmol/kg) induces tear secretion in rats when used in combination with amastatin .4 1.Bohm, S.K., Kong, W., Bromme, D., et al.Molecular cloning, expression and potential functions of the human proteinase-activated receptor-2Biochem. J.314(Pt 3)1009-1016(1996) 2.Kanke, T., Ishiwata, H., Kabeya, M., et al.Binding of a highly potent protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) activating peptide, [3H]2-furoyl-LIGRL-NH2, to human PAR2Br. J. Pharmacol.145(2)255-263(2005) 3.Miike, S., McWilliam, A.S., and Kita, H.Trypsin induces activation and inflammatory mediator release from human eosinophils through protease-activated receptor-2J. Immunol.167(11)6615-6622(2001) 4.Nishikawa, H., Kawai, K., Tanaka, M., et al.Protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2)-related peptides induce tear secretion in rats: Involvement of PAR-2 and non-PAR-2 mechanismsJ. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.312(2)324-331(2005)

Phytochelatin 2 (PC2) TFA, a heavy metal-binding peptide, facilitates metal chelation, mitigates metal toxicity, and promotes metal homeostasis within internal environments [1].

Tat-NR2BAA is an inactive control peptide of Tat-NR2B9c. It shares a similar sequence with Tat-NR2B9c, but possesses a double-point mutation in the COOH terminal tSXV motif. This mutation renders Tat-NR2BAA unable to bind PSD-95. Tat-NR2B9c, on the other hand, is a membrane-permeable peptide that interferes with PSD-95/NMDAR binding. This interference leads to the decoupling of NR2B- and/or NR2A-type NMDARs from PSD-95[1][2].

TLQP-21 TFA, a VGF-derived peptide endowed of endocrine and extraendocrine properties, is a potent G-protein-coupled receptor complement-3a receptor1 (C3aR1) agonist (EC50: mouse TLQP-21=10.3 μM; human TLQP-21=68.8μM). TLQP-21 TFA activates C3aR1 to induce an increase of intracellular Ca2+. TLQP-21 TFA is used for the research in regulation of nociception and other relevant physiologic functions[1][2]. TLQP-21 TFA is a peptide of 21 amino acids. At a dose of 3 μM TLQP-21 induces up to ~69% of the corresponding contraction promoted by acetylcholine[1][2]. [1]. Elena Bresciani , et al. TLQP-21, A VGF-Derived Peptide Endowed of Endocrine and Extraendocrine Properties: Focus on In Vitro Calcium Signaling. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Dec 24;21(1):130. [2]. Cheryl Cero, et al. The TLQP-21 Peptide Activates the G-protein-coupled Receptor C3aR1 via a Folding-Upon-Binding Mechanism. ructure. 2014 Dec 2;22(12):1744-1753.

Cyclo(Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro) (c(GRGDSP)) is an RGD-containing inhibitory peptide and a synthetic α5β1 integrin ligand. It competitively inhibits the binding of invasin (Inv) to α5β1 integrin on Caco-2 cells [1].

Bad BH3 (mouse) is a bioactive peptide derived from the BH3 domain (a death domain) of Bad, encompassing amino acid residues 140 to 165, and functions by binding to bcl-2.

IKKγ NBD Inhibitory Peptide TFA is a specific NF-κB inhibitor that functions by hindering the interaction between the IKKγ/NEMO-binding domain (NBD) and IKKα and IKKβ. This action effectively prevents TNF-α-induced NF-kB activation. It has been demonstrated to significantly suppress inflammation and improve neurological deficits induced by cerebral ischemia [1] [2] [3].

Bivalirudin TFA, a synthetic 20-residue peptide, serves as a reversible inhibitor of thrombin. Its IC50 value highlights its target specificity in vitro, where, combined with Eptifibatide (8 mg/mL) at a low concentration (70 ng/mL), it significantly reduces platelet aggregation induced by thrombin (0.2 U/mL) by approximately 90% [1]. The compound demonstrates no effect on thrombin generation assay (TGA) parameters up to 10 μmol/L [2]. Additionally, it facilitates the binding of MPO to BAEC, leading to functional alterations such as increased NO consumption and enhanced MPO-mediated redox modifications [3]. In vivo studies reveal its efficacy in preventing the rise of antiheparin/PF4 antibody IgG levels in rats, with significant findings from the toxicokinetic assessment signaling its safety profile at tested doses, although higher doses resulted in fatalities [4][5]. In clinical trials, its antithrombotic effects were explored, comparing it with alternatives like Ticagrelor and Clopidogrel in a Phase 4 study.

Cyclotraxin B TFA, a cyclic peptide, serves as a highly potent and selective non-competitive inhibitor of TrkB, effectively impeding BDNF-triggered TrkB activity without altering BDNF binding affinity, evidenced by an IC50 of 0.30 nM. It is capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier, demonstrating analgesic and anxiolytic-like behavioral effects [1] [2] [3].

Tat-CIRP, a peptide inhibitor, impedes the protein-protein interaction between myeloid differentiation 2 (MD-2), also known as lymphocyte antigen 96 (LY96), and cold-inducible RNA binding protein (CIRP) by binding to MD-2. This disrupts the MD-2 and CIRP interaction as confirmed in co-immunoprecipitation assays. Notably, in vivo studies reveal that Tat-CIRP, at dosages of 10 and 20 mg/kg, significantly reduces infarct volume in both a mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and a rhesus monkey model of thrombosis-induced stroke. Additionally, it improves motor function, evidenced by decreased time to manipulate and withdraw food with the affected arm in the primate model.

Spike Binding Peptide 1 (SBP1), representing amino acids 21-43 of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), has been utilized in a novel approach involving lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) encapsulated with oseltamivir phosphate and conjugated to SBP1. This formulation aims to investigate the possibility of achieving a controlled, long-term in vivo release of oseltamivir phosphate. Furthermore, a 2% concentration of SBP1 immobilized on crosslinked networks composed of hydroxy acrylate and ethylxanthate ethyl acrylate has demonstrated enhanced in vitro efficiency in capturing the spike glycoprotein of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also referred to as the surface glycoprotein.

LXW7 TFA, a cyclic peptide containing Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD), is an integrin αvβ3 inhibitor with an anti-inflammatory effect. LXW7 has a high binding affinity to αvβ3 integrin (IC50: 0.68 μM). It increases the phosphorylation of VEGFR-2 and activation of ERK1/2.

Nonapeptide-1 (Melanostatine-5) acetate salt, a peptide hormone, functions as a selective and competitive antagonist of the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) with a binding affinity (K i) of 40 nM. It effectively inhibits α-MSH-induced increases in intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) and melanosome dispersion in melanocytes, showcasing inhibitory concentrations (IC 50) of 2.5 nM and 11 nM, respectively. By inhibiting melanin synthesis, Nonapeptide-1 acetate salt finds application in research related to skin pigmentation, adrenal gland steroid production regulation, and skin cancer [1] [2] [3].

M1145 TFA, a chimeric peptide, acts as a selective agonist for the galanin receptor type 2 (GAL2), demonstrating a binding affinity (K i ) of 6.55 nM. It exhibits significantly greater selectivity for GAL2, with over 90-fold and 76-fold higher affinity compared to GAL1 (K i = 587 nM) and GalR3 (K i = 497 nM), respectively. Additionally, M1145 TFA enhances galanin signal transduction mechanisms [1].

Tyrosinase-related Protein 2 (TRP-2) (181-188) is a peptide derived from the tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP-2), specifically corresponding to residues 180-188. It is the primary epitope within TRP-2 that is recognized by anti-B16 CTLs. Moreover, It is a peptide that conforms to the binding motif of the MHC class I H2-Kb.