adenoma

The heterodimeric cytokine interleukin-23 (IL-23 or IL23A/IL12B) is produced by dendritic cells and macrophages and promotes the proinflammatory and regenerative activities of T helper 17 (Th17) and innate lymphoid cells. A recent study has reported that IL-23 is also secreted by lung adenoma cells and generates an inflammatory and immune-suppressed stroma.

Dehydropeptidase-I, also known as DPEP1, is a kidney membrane enzyme. Its expression in normal colonic mucosa is very low, but it is highly expressed in colorectal adenoma and cancer specimens and is negatively correlated with parameters of pathological aggressiveness and poor prognosis. The overexpression of DPEP1 suppressed tumor cells invasiveness and increased sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agent Gemcitabine. Growth factor EGF treatment decreased DPEP1 expression. Dehydropeptidase-I may be a candidate target in PDAC for designing improved treatments. It uses zinc as a cofactor and acts as a disulfide-linked homodimer.

LGALS3 (Galectin 3) is a Protein Coding gene. This gene encodes a member of the galectin family of carbohydrate-binding proteins. The encoded protein is characterized by an N-terminal proline-rich tandem repeat domain and a single C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain. LGALS3 is a beta-galactoside-binding lectin and plays a role in numerous cellular functions including apoptosis, innate immunity, cell adhesion, and T-cell regulation. LGALS3 has an important role in tumor progression through inhibition of apoptosis. LGALS3 expression is associated with neoplastic transformation and with differentiation of monocytes to macrophages. Elevated expression of LGALS3 has been demonstrated in the synovium of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Diseases associated with LGALS3 include Follicular Adenoma and Papillary Carcinoma.