anthocyanin

3-O-Methylgallic acid (3,4-Dihydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic acid) reduces cell proliferation in Caco-2 cells (IC50 = 24.1 μM) more effectively than anthocyanins and may offer protection against colon cancer after its formation in the gut. It inhibits transcription factors NF-κB, AP-1, STAT-1, and OCT-1, which are known to be activated in colorectal cancer.

Keracyanin chloride (Cyanidin 3-rutinoside chloride), an anthocyanin compound, exhibits antioxidant properties and effectively prevents the formation of malonaldehyde in oxidized calf thymus DNA, underlining its potential in reducing oxidative damage.

Malvidin-3-glucoside chloride (Oenin chloride) has antioxidant activity, alone is not oxidized in the presence of grape polyphenol oxidase. Malvidin-3-O-glucoside chloride's color stabilization at a higher pH can be explained by self-aggregation of the flavylium cation and copigmentation with the Z-chalcone form.

Cyanidin 3-xyloside, an anthocyanin, is extractable from the hulls of purple sunflower [1].

Delphinidin-3-O-galactoside chloride has anti-obesity and hypolipidemic effects. Delphinidin-3-O-galactoside (D3G) is a water-soluble anthocyanin with antioxidant activity. D3G is capable of masking the EGCG-induced cytotoxicity and ER stress, presumably

Cyanidin 3-sambubioside chloride (Cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside chloride) is a plant-derived anthocyanin, an inhibitor of NO and H274Y mutations, and an inhibitor of influenza neuraminidase.Cyanidin 3- sambubioside chloride has anti-inflammatory properties. sambubioside chloride has antioxidant, antiangiogenic and antiviral activities and inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, which can be used in the study of viral infections and cardiovascular diseases.

Petunidin 3-rutinoside, a natural product extractable from Sambucus canadensis [1], is an anthocyanin pigment with potential health benefits.

Pelargonidin 3-galactoside chloride, a predominant anthocyanin, exhibits anticancer properties and inhibits α-glucosidase [1].

Enocyanin, an anthocyanin extracted from grapes, exhibits inhibitory effects on leucine aminopeptidase, acid phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, and esterase activity.

Cyanidin-3,5-O-diglucoside chloride has antioxidant activity. Cyanidin-3,5-O-diglucoside inhibits hyperbaric pressure-induced GLAST decrease and can be used in glaucoma studies. Cyanidin-3,5-O-diglucoside chloride is easily degraded by hydrolysis and /or

Cyanidin 3-sophoroside-5-glucoside, the predominant anthocyanin in purple-fleshed sweet potato, influences the tuber's antioxidant activity [1].

Peonidin-3-O-glucoside chloride (Peonidin 3-Glucoside Chloride) is an anthocyanin with radical scavenger activity and can be used in studies about acting as an insulin secretagogue.

Petanin (chloride) is a p-coumaroyl anthocyanin extracted from the tuber epidermis of the colored potato variety Solanum tuberosum L. cv 'Jayoung' [1].

Delphinidin-3,5-O-diglucoside chloride is an anthocyanin isolated from Punica granatum with antidiabetic and antitumor effects.

Delphanin, also known as Nasunin, is an anthocyanin isolated as purple colored crystals from eggplant peels.

Dp3-Sam chloride (Delphinidin-3-sambubioside chloride) is an anthocyanin from Hibiscus acetosella (Cranberry Hibiscus) with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities.Dp3-Sam chloride inhibits LPS-induced inflammation, and inhibits LPS-induced inflammation. Dp3-Sam chloride inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory factor release, down-regulates the NF-κB pathway, and inhibits MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling.Dp3-Sam chloride induces apoptosis in human leukemia cells through the mitochondrial pathway mediated by reactive oxygen species.

Dracorhodin, the primary constituent found in the sanguis draconis extract, is a flavylium compound classified within the anthocyanin family. Notably, dracorhodin possesses the ability to elicit vasodilation.