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Bisdemethoxycurcumin (Curcumin III) is a natural demethoxy derivative of curcumin. It is a potent activator of macrophage phagocytosis, interacting with 1α, 25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 to stimulate amyloid-β clearance by macrophages (optimal stimulation at 100 nM BDMC) [1]. More stable than curcumin in physiological media, BDMC suppresses proliferation of cancer cells [2]. It down-regulates the transcriptional coactivator p300, suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and inhibits LPS induction of iNOS expression [3].

10-Deacetyl-13-oxobaccatin III, a taxane isolated from Taxus sumatrana, exhibits cytotoxicity at a concentration of 30 μg/mL, inhibiting A498, NCI-H226, A549, and PC-3 cancer cell lines with respective rates of 29.7%, 49.2%, 43.9%, and 65.3% [1].

19-Hydroxy-10-deacetylbaccatin III (compound 13), a taxane potentially active against tumors, exhibits low cytotoxicity towards A498 and NCI-H226 cell lines. At a concentration of 30 μg/mL, it inhibits A498 and NCI-H226 cell growth by 16.6% and 32%, respectively [1].

Ipomoeassin F, a selective and potent inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein translocation, targets the Sec61 complex's pore-forming subunit (Sec61α) at the ER membrane. It inhibits the ER membrane translocation of SARS-CoV-2 proteins and blocks the ER translocation of secretory and type I transmembrane proteins (TMPs), without affecting type III TMPs [1] [2] [3].

Beauveriolide III is a cyclodepsipeptide that has been found inBeauveriaand an inhibitor of lipid droplet formation.1It inhibits lipid droplet formation when used at concentrations of 3 and 10 μM, as well as inhibits cholesterol synthesis (IC50= 0.41 μM), in primary mouse peritoneal macrophages.1,2Beauveriolide III also inhibits acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity in mouse macrophage membranes (IC50= 5.5 μM).2Beauveriolide III (25 and 50 mg/kg) reduces the size of aortic atherosclerotic lesions inLdlr-/-andApoE-/-mouse models of atherosclerosis. 1.Namatame, I., Tomoda, H., Si, S., et al.Beauveriolides, specific inhibitors of lipid droplet formation in mouse macrophages, produced by Beauveria sp. FO-6979J. Antibiot. (Tokyo)52(1)1-6(1999) 2.Namatame, I., Tomoda, H., Ishibashi, S., et al.Antiatherogenic activity of fungal beauveriolides, inhibitors of lipid droplet accumulation in macrophagesProc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA101(3)737-742(2004)