cereals

2-Benzoxazolinone (2-Hydroxybenzoxazole) is found in cereals and cereal products. 2-Benzoxazolinone is found in rye seedlings.

γ-Hexalactone (γ-caprolactone) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as gamma butyrolactones. Gamma butyrolactones are compounds containing a gamma butyrolactone moiety, which consists of an aliphatic five-member ring with four carbon atoms, one oxygen atom, and bears a ketone group on the carbon adjacent to the oxygen atom. Thus, Gamma-caprolactone is considered to be a fatty ester lipid molecule. Gamma-Caprolactone is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Gamma-Caprolactone exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Outside of the human body, Gamma-caprolactone has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as potato, cereals and cereal products, pomes, alcoholic beverages, and fruits. This could make Gamma-caprolactone a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. 4-hydroxy-Hexanoic acid gamma-lactone is occasionally found as a volatile component of human urine. In some cases differences up to an order of magnitude are observed. 4-hydroxy-Hexanoic acid gamma-lactone has been found in the polar fraction of human blood. Biological fluids such as blood and urine have been shown to contain a large number of components, some of them volatiles (low boiling point) apparently present in all individuals, while others such are much more variable. Although some of these changes may have dietary origins, others seem to be characteristic of the individual.

Mesoxalate sodium (monohydrate) is primarily located in the cytoplasm within the cell. Mesoxalic acid can be biosynthesized from malonic acid. Outside of the human body, mesoxalic acid can be found in cereals and cereal products, common pea, and herbs and spices.

1H-Indole-3-carboxaldehyde (3-Formylindole), also known as 3-formylindole or 3-indolealdehyde, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as indoles. Indoles are compounds containing an indole moiety, which consists of pyrrole ring fused to benzene to form 2,3-benzopyrrole. 1H-Indole-3-carboxaldehyde is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Outside of the human body, 1H-Indole-3-carboxaldehyde has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as gram beans, brussel sprouts, cucumbers, cereals and cereal products, and white cabbages. This could make 1H-indole-3-carboxaldehyde a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. A heteroarenecarbaldehyde that is indole in which the hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a formyl group.

Indole-3-methanamine has been detected, but not quantified in, barley, cereals, and cereal products.

(±)-Enterodiol, the racemate of Enterodiol, is metabolized from lignans found in whole-grain cereals, nuts, legumes, flaxseed, and vegetables by human intestinal bacteria. This compound exhibits apoptotic effects in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and has been identified to possess anti-cancer activities [1] [2].

5-Heneicosylresorcinol shows inhibitory effects on the release of β-hexosaminidase from RBL-2H3 cells, it also prevents triglyceride accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. 5-Heneicosylresorcinol has nematicidal activity against nematodes Panagrellus redivivus, Cae

15-Acetyl-deoxynivalenol, a highly toxic trichothecene found in cereals, exhibits toxicity to HepG2 cells.