Carmoisine (Azo Rubine) is a food dye Azorubine and is used for the purposes where food is heat-treated after fermentation.

Monascorubramine, a microbial colorant, is produced by the Monascus species, originating from the bacterium Talaromyces. Its hue and chromaticity values vary under different pH conditions [1].

Sunset Yellow FCF (Sunset yellow) is an orange azo dye with pH-dependent absorbance.Sunset Yellow FCF is used in food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.It is used as a colorant food additive in many food products.They may be cytotoxic and genotoxic, so care must be taken when using these materials as food additives.

Carminic acid, the well-known red dyestuff from cochineal insects (Dactylopius spp.), is a potent feeding deterrent to ants. Carminic acid is an antioxidant to protect erythrocytes and DNA against radical-induced oxidation, it also has antitumor activity.