d-12

[D-Arg1,D-Phe5,D-Trp7,9,Leu11]-Substance P acetate ([D-Arg1,D-Phe5,D-Trp7,9,Leu11]-Substance P acetate (96736-12-8 free base)) is a broad spectrum neuropeptide inverse agonist and antagonist. Potent full inverse agonist for the ghrelin receptor (EC50 = 5.2 nM); diminishes constitutive ghrelin receptor signaling. Also antagonist at tachykinin, bradykinin, CCK and bombesin receptors. Induces apoptosis and inhibits cancer cell growth in vitro.

'(D-Phe5,Cys6,11,N-Me-D-Trp8)-Somatostatin-14 (5-12) amide (Compound 4) is a somatostatin analogue exhibiting varying affinity for somatostatin receptors, with dissociation constants (Kd) of 0.61 nM for SSTR5, 11.05 nM for SSTR3, 23.5 nM for SSTR2, 1200 nM for SSTR1, and >1000 nM for SSTR4, respectively [1].'

(D-Phe12,Nle21,38,α-Me-Leu37)-CRF (12-41) (human, rat) is a corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) antagonist known to counteract the inhibitory effects of IL-1a on Luteinizing hormone (LH) production [1].

(D-Trp12,Tyr34)-pTH (7-34) amide (bovine) acetate is a highly potent antagonist of parathyroid hormone (PTH) The Ki value is 69 nM in bovine renal cortical membrane.

[D-Phe12]-Bombesin acetate inhibits bombesin-stimulated secretion.

[D-Phe12,Leu14]-Bombesin acetate inhibits bombesin-stimulated secretion.

Bombesin receptor antagonist

PKCd (8-17) is a bioactive peptide originating from the V1 domain of protein kinase C (PKC)d. It impedes phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated PKCd translocation and activation, which mitigates ischemic injury in cardiac and cerebral cells, promotes fibroblast proliferation, and suppresses graft coronary artery disease in mouse models.

Bombesin receptor antagonist that inhibits bombesin binding to rat brain with an IC50 value of 2 μM. Inhibits amylase release in vitro (IC50 = 4 μM) and attenuates bombesin-mediated suppression of food intake in vivo.

D(-)-Norvaline is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T64916 and the CAS number is 2013-12-9.

MTP 131 is a mitochondria-targeted peptide antioxidant.1,2It localizes to the mitochondria and reducestert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced lipid peroxidation and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells when used at concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 1 nM.1MTP 131 (2 mg/kg) reduces infarct volume, hemispheric swelling, and glutathione (GSH) depletion in a mouse model of acute cerebral ischemia induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).2It increases survival, improves motor function, and decreases degeneration of the lumbar spinal cord in a superoxide dismutase 1 mutant (SOD1G93A) transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) when administered at a dose of 5 mg/kg. MTP 131 reduces albuminuria, urinary hydrogen peroxide levels, and mesangial matrix accumulation, as well as preserves superoxide production, in adb/dbmouse model of diabetic nephropathy.3 1.Zhao, K., Luo, G., Giannelli, S., et al.Mitochondria-targeted peptide prevents mitochondrial depolarization and apoptosis induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide in neuronal cell linesBiochem. Pharmacol.70(12)1796-1806(2005) 2.Szeto, H.H.Mitochondria-targeted peptide antioxidants: Novel neuroprotective agentsAAPS J.8(3)E521-E531(2006) 3.Miyamoto, S., Zhang, G., Hall, D., et al.Restoring mitochondrial superoxide levels with elamipretide (MTP-131) protects db/db mice against progression of diabetic kidney diseaseJ. Biol. Chem.295(21)7249-7260(2020)