escherichia coli

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) derived from Escherichia coli 055:B5, are a unique component of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. They are composed of three regions: lipid A, oligosaccharide core, and O-specific polysaccharide (O-antigen). Lipopolysaccharides help maintain the integrity of the cell outer membrane and protect bacteria from damage by bile salts and lipid antibiotics. Lipopolysaccharides are highly immunogenic antigens that can enhance immune responses and can be used to construct inflammatory models.

Nalidixic acid (NSC-82174) is a synthetic 1, 8-naphthyridine antimicrobial agent with a limited bacteriocidal spectrum. It is an inhibitor of the A subunit of bacterial DNA GYRASE.

Sclareolide (Norambreinolide) is a sesquiterpene lactone natural product derived from various plant sources including Salvia yosgadensis, Salvia sclarea, and cigar tobacco. It is a close analog of Sclareol, a plant antifungal compound.

Isoeugenol (4-Propenylguaiacol), an essential oil constituent of nutmeg, clove, and cinnamon, shows antimicrobial activity.

Spectinomycin dihydrochloride (Actinospectacin) is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of gonorrhea.

2,2'-Dihydroxy chalcone is a potent inhibitor of β-glucuronidase (IC50=1.6±0.2 μM) and lysozyme (IC50=1.4±0.2 μM) release from rat neutrophils stimulated with fMLP/CB.2,2'-Dihydroxy chalcone has inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli, Shigella fowleri, Staphylococcus albicans and Staphylococcus aureus.

3-hydroxydecanoic acid is a medium-chain fatty acid. It has a role as an antimitotic and an Escherichia coli metabolite.

For-Met-OH (N-Formyl-L-methionine) is effective in the initiation of protein synthesis. The initiating methionine residue enters the ribosome as N-formyl methionyl tRNA. This process occurs in Escherichia coli and other bacteria as well as in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells.

D-Ribonolactone is a sugar lactone and an inhibitor of β-galactosidase in Escherichia coli (Ki: 26 mM).

1. Ginkgolic acid C17:1 can significantly inhibit enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7(EHEC) biofilm formation on the surfaces of polystyrene and glass, and on nylon membranes.

Bombinin H3, an antimicrobial peptide sourced from the Bombina variegata (moth) skin, exhibits lethal concentrations of 3.7 μM and 2.4 μM against Escherichia coli D21 and Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1, respectively [1].

Maximin H1, an antimicrobial peptide sourced from the skin secretions of the Chinese red belly toad (Bombina maxima), exhibits efficacy against several pathogens, including Escherichia coli (ATCC25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC2592), Bacillus pyocyaneus (CMCCB1010), and Candida albicans (ATCC2002). Corresponding minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values are 9, 4.5, 9, and 4.5 μg/ml, respectively [1].

Maximin 28, an antimicrobial peptide isolated from toad brain tissue, exhibits activity against various bacterial strains, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus subtilis, with respective minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 4.7, 9.4, and 75 μg/mL [1].

Lipopolysaccharides, Escherichiacoli (E. coli O111:B4) are derived from Escherichia coli O111:B4 and are a unique component of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. They are composed of three regions: lipid A, oligosaccharide core, and O-specific polysaccharide (O-antigen). Lipopolysaccharides, Escherichiacoli help maintain the integrity of the cell outer membrane and protect bacteria from bile salts and lipid antibiotics.

1. 2-endo-Hydroxy-1,8-cineole shows antimicrobial and bactericidal activities against against test bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas fluorescens) .

Rupesin E shows significant antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli.

Maximin 31, an antimicrobial peptide originating from toad brain, exhibits activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, exhibiting Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values of 37.5 and 75 μg/mL, respectively [1].

Maximin 32, an antimicrobial peptide originating from toad brain, exhibits activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 9.4 and 18.8 μg/mL, respectively [1].

14-Norpseurotin A shows good antileishmanial and moderate anticancer activities. It also displays significant antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Micrococcus lysoleikticus with MICs of 3.74, 14.97, and 7.49 microM , r

D-(+)-Fucose is a non-metabolizable analog of l-arabinose and an inducer of β-methylgalactoside permease. It inhibits the induction of the l-arabinose manipulator and blocks the growth of Escherichia coli B/r on mineral salts medium with l-arabinose.

24-Methylenecycloartan-3-ol and methyl caffeate show weak activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

L-Fucitol (1-Deoxy-D-galactitol) is a galactitol analogue isolated from Myristica fragrans (Nutmeg) that inhibits galactitol-positive strains of Escherichia coli K12.

13(E)-Labd-13-ene-8alpha,15-diol shows antiviral and anticancer activity, it shows strong anti-HRV2 and HRV3 activity with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 2.68 and 0.87 microg/mL,respectively; it also exhibits antilung and antilaryngeal cancer ac

DL-Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (3-Phosphoglyceraldehyde) is an important intermediate in glycogen or starch fermentation in organisms and inhibits acyltransferases. DL-Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate inhibits the growth of Escherichia coli at high concentrations.

1. Pogostone (DHELWANGIN) possesses potent anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities, such as gram negative bacteria , gram positive bacteria, Escherichia coli. 2. Pogostone exhibits an immunosuppressive property by directly blocking T cell proliferation as well as altering inflammatory cytokine profile. 3. Pogostone could exert a gastro-protective effect against gastric ulceration, and the underlying mechanism might be associated with the stimulation of PGE2, improvement of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory status, as well as preservation of NP-SH.

Maximin H2, an antimicrobial peptide originating from the skin secretions of the Chinese red belly toad (Bombina maxima), exhibits inhibitory effects on a range of microorganisms, specifically Escherichia coli (ATCC25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC2592), Bacillus pyocyaneus (CMCCB1010), and Candida albicans (ATCC2002). The respective minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values are reported as 20, 2, 4, and 2 μg/ml [1].

Maximin H3, an antimicrobial peptide from Chinese red belly toad Bombina maxima skin secretions, exhibits antimicrobial properties against Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592, Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB1010, and Candida albicans ATCC2002, with respective MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) values of 20, 10, 20, and 5 μg/ml [1].

Maximin 15, an antimicrobial peptide originating from toad brain, exhibits activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus subtilis, with respective minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 9.4, 18.8, and 75 μg/mL [1].

Maximin 39, an antimicrobial peptide originating from toad brain, exhibits activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, demonstrating minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 18.8 μg/mL and 37.5 μg/mL, respectively [1].

Bombinin H1, an antimicrobial peptide originating from the skin of the Bombina variegata moth, exhibits lethal concentrations of 3.8 μM against Escherichia coli D21 and 2.1 μM against Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 [1].

Pachyaximine A possesses significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Corynebacterium pyrogenes. (-)-Pachyaximine A demonstrates significant activity as antiestrogen binding site (AEBS

Altechromone A has antimicrobial activity, it is active against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Candida albicans with the MICs of 3.9, 3.9, 1.8, and 3.9 ug/ml, respectively.

BB-3497, a potent inhibitor of Escherichia coli peptide deformylase, has antibacterial activity both in vitro and in vivo.

Monomethylsulochrin shows antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. It shows moderately inhibitory effects on the human bacterial pathogen Helicobacter pylori with the MIC value of 28.9+/-0.1 microM.

Brevianamide M (compound 4), a metabolite of the endophytic fungus Aspergillus versicolor isolated from the marine brown alga Sargassum, exhibits antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus [1].

POPE is a compound found in Escherichia coli, part of the cell membrane, and can be used to study changes in cell membrane permeability.

2,3,8-tri-O-Methyl ellagic acid has antimicrobial activity agaist Vibro cholera, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli.

Majoranaquinone demonstrates potent antibacterial activity against four Staphylococcus strains, one Moraxella strain, and one Enterococcus strain. It also acts as an effective efflux pump inhibitor in Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and inhibits biofilm formation on both E. coli ATCC 25922 and E. coli K-12 AG100 [1].

Maximin H4, an antimicrobial peptide originating from the skin secretions of the Chinese red belly toad (Bombina maxima), exhibits inhibitory activity against a spectrum of microorganisms, including Escherichia coli (ATCC25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC2592), Bacillus pyocyaneus (CMCCB1010), and Candida albicans (ATCC2002), with respective minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 12, 6, 12, and 6 μg/ml [1].

Bombinin H4, an antimicrobial peptide from the skin of the moth species Bombina variegata, exhibits potent bactericidal activity with lethal concentrations of 4.8 μM against Escherichia coli D21 and 3.3 μM against Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 [1].

Colominic acid sodium salt, also known as polysialic acid sodium salt, is naturally isolated from the cell wall of Escherichia coli and animals. It exhibits a red color with an absorption maximum of 530 nm and possesses anti-bacterial activity.

4aα,7α,7aα-Nepetalactone exhibits antibacterial properties, effectively inhibiting the growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, and Enterococcus faecalis.

(R)-(-)-1,2-Propanediol is the (R)-enantiomer of 1,2-Propanediol, derived from glucose via NADH-linked glycerol dehydrogenase gene expression in Escherichia coli.

Djalonensone (Alternariol monomethyl ether), an Alternaria toxin, is a strong mutagen in Escherichia coli strain ND-160. Alternariol monomethyl ether has genotoxic properties, it can cause oxidative DNA damage. It also possesses cytotoxic and immunosuppressive properties.

D-Phenylalanine, a necessary aromatic amino acid, is a precursor of thyroxine, dopamine, melanin, and noradrenaline (norepinephrine).

L-Phenylalanine (3-Phenyl-L-alanine) is an essential amino acid and the precursor of the amino acid tyrosine, acts as an antagonist at α2δ calcium channels.