glucagon (1 29), bovine, human, porcine

Glucagon is a peptide hormone, produced by pancreatic α-cells. Glucagon reduces the activity of HNF-4. Glucagon stimulates gluconeogenesis. Glucagon enhances HNF4α phosphorylation.

Biotinyl-Glucagon (1-29), encompassing human, bovine, and porcine versions, is a biotinylated form of glucagon. This peptide hormone, synthesized by the pancreas's α-cells, elevates glucose and fatty acid levels in the bloodstream [1] [2].

Glucagon (1-29), bovine, human, porcine hydrochloride is a peptide hormone, produced by pancreatic α-cells. It activates HNF4α and increases HNF4α phosphorylation. Glucagon (1-29), bovine, human, porcine hydrochloride(Porcine glucagon hydrochloride) stimulates gluconeogenesis.

GIP (1-30) amide, porcine acetate is an agonist of fully glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor. GIP (1-30) amide, porcine acetate can weakly inhibit gastric acid secretion and strongly stimulate insulin.

C-Type Natriuretic Peptide (CNP) (1-22), human acetate is an agonist of natriuretic peptide receptor B (NPR-B), an endothelial-derived relaxant and growth inhibitory factor. C-Type Natriuretic Peptide (CNP) (1-22), human acetate inhibits cAMP synthesis stimulated by histamine and 5-HT or directly by Forskolin.

Gastrin I (1-14), human, represents the 1-14 peptide fragment of human gastrin I, an endogenous gastrointestinal peptide hormone. This compound is the principal hormonal regulator of gastric acid secretion.

Hemokinin 1 (human) acetate is an endogenous substance P homolog that is a selective agonist at the tachykinin NK1 receptor (IC50 values are 1.8, 370 and 480 nM for NK1, NK3 and NK2 receptors respectively). Has proliferative and antiapoptotic actions on B

Porcine dynorphin A(1-13) acetate (Dynorphin A Porcine Fragment 1-13 acetate) is a potent, endogenous κ opioid receptor agonist and is antinociceptive at physiological concentrations. Exposure to dynorphin A (1-13) causes acute increases in [Ca2+]i in individual neurons similar to increases seen with acute NMDA treatment.

Endothelin 1 (swine, human) acetate is a synthetic peptide with the sequence of human and swine Endothelin 1. Endothelin 1 is a potent endogenous vasoconstrictor and acts through two types of receptors ETA and ETB.

β-Endorphin (1-27) (human) acetate, existing in the hypophysis cerebri and hypothalamus, exhibits antinociception activity. β-Endorphin (1-27) (human) acetate is an agonist of opioid receptor, showing preferred affinity for μ-opioid receptor and δ-opioid

BNP (1-32), human is a brain natriuretic peptide

Ac-Endothelin-1 (16-21), human acetate, the principal peptide of the endothelin family, has been shown to have a variety of biological activities in both vascular and nonvascular tissues. The C-terminal fragment, which is a highly conserved sequence in th

Amyloid β Peptide (42-1)(human) acetate is the inactive form of Amyloid β Peptide (1-42). Amyloid β Peptide (42-1)(human) acetate is a 42-amino acid peptide which plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease.

GnRH Associated Peptide (GAP) (1-13), human Acetate was found to be a potent inhibitor of prolactin secretion and to stimulate the release of gonadotropins. Active immunization with peptides corresponding to GAP sequences led to greatly increased prolacti

Acetyl Angiotensinogen (1-14), porcine Acetate is a peptide with the sequence AC-ASP-ARG-VAL-TYR-ILE-HIS-PRO-PHE-HIS-LEU-LEU-VAL-TYR-SER-OH. The protein encoded by the Angiotensinogen gene is known as pre-angiotensinogen or angiotensinogen precursor.

RFRP-1 (human) acetate is a potent endogenous NPFF receptor agonist (EC50 values are 0.0011 and 29 nM for NPFF2 and NPFF1, respectively). Attenuates contractile function of isolated rat and rabbit cardiac myocytes. Reduces heart rate, stroke volume, eject

β-Amyloid (1-42), acetate (human) is a peptide consisting of 42 amino acids that is part of β-Amyloid and is commonly used in Alzheimer's disease modeling.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) (1-10), human acetate is a fragment of adrenocorticotropin hormone. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) (1-10), human acetate possesses a weak α-MSH potency only at 100 and 1000 nM.

MART-1 (26-35) (human) (MART-1 (26-35) human) is a peptide fragment of MART-1 protein.

Angiotensinogen (1-14), human acetate is a fragment of angiotensinogen which is a passive substrate of the renin-angiotensin system.

Galanin (1-16), mouse, porcine, rat is a hippocampal galanin receptor agonist(Kd = 3 nM) with high biological activity on locus coeruleus neurons.

VIP(6-28)(human, rat, porcine, bovine) acetate is an antagonist of the actions of exogenous vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptor on cAMP in the superior cervical ganglion (SCG).

PAMP-12 (human, porcine) acetate (PAMP-12 (human, porcine) acetate (196305-05-2 free base)) , a major component of ir-PAMP, is processed from the AM precursor, as is PAMP-20, and may participate in cardiovascular control.

Beta-MSH (1-22) (human) acetate (Beta-MSH (1-22) (human) acetate (17908-57-5 Free base)) , is an endogenous melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4-R) agonist.

Apelin-17 (human, bovine) acetate is an endogenous apelin receptor agonist. Potently inhibits forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation (pIC50 = 9.94).

Glucagon (19-29), human acetate a COOH-terminal fragment processed from glucagon, is a potent and efficient inhibitor of insulin secretion.

Neuropeptide Y (29-64), amide, human acetate is involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and protects rat cortical neurons against β-Amyloid toxicity.

PACAP (1-27), human, ovine, rat acetate (PACAP 1-27 acetate) is a novel neuropeptides originally isolated from bovine hypothalamus, also found in humans and rats.

Galanin (1-30), human acetate (Galanin ) is a 30-amino acid neuropeptide. Galanin (1-30), human acetate acts as an agonist of GalR1 and GalR2 receptors, with Kis of both 1 nM.

Beta-Lipotropin (1-10), porcine Acetate (Beta-Lipotropin ) (beta-LPH) was found to contain within its C-terminal sequence the primary structure of these peptides.

C-Type Natriuretic Peptide (CNP) (1-22), human is the 1-22 fragment of C-Type Natriuretic Peptide.

Thymopoietin I/II (29-41) (bovine) is a bovine-derived peptide that serves as a neuromuscular blocker [1], encompassing amino acid positions 29 to 41 of the thymopoietin II sequence.

PAMP-12(human, porcine) TFA, a significant constituent of immunoreactive (ir)-PAMP, derives from the adrenomedullin precursor and functions as a potent hypotensive peptide involved in cardiovascular regulation [1].

'(Des-Bromo)-Neuropeptide B (1-23) (human)' is an agonist for orphan G-protein-coupled receptors, exhibiting a K i of 1.2 nM for GPR7 (NPBW1) and 341 nM for GPR8 (NPBW2) respectively [1].

TIP39, a neuropeptide and an agonist for the parathyroid hormone receptor type 2 (PTH2R), effectively increases cAMP levels in COS-7 cells featuring recombinant PTH2R from humans or rats (EC50s = 0.5 and 0.8 nM, respectively), as well as in F-11 cells that naturally express PTH2R (EC50 = 1.15 nM). Furthermore, TIP39 at 1 nM halts the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase and reduces Sox9 expression, a crucial regulator of cartilage differentiation, in CFK2 rat chondrocytes. Additionally, administering 100 pmol/animal of TIP39 reduces the immobility period in the forced swim test in mice, indicating a potential antidepressant effect.

β-Casomorphin (1-6), bovine is a opioid-like bioactive peptide of β-Casomorphin.

Orexin B, human (TFA) is an endogenous agonist at Orexin receptor with Kis of 420 and 36 nM for OX1 and OX2.

PACAP (1-27) (the N-terminal fragment of PACAP-38) is a novel neuropeptides originally isolated from bovine hypothalamus, also found in humans and rats.

Glucagon is a 29-amino-acid peptide hormone liberated in the alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans. Glucagon-producing alpha cells represent one of the earliest populations of detectable islet cells in the developing endocrine pancreas.

This GIP fragment has potent insulinotropic activity in the isolated, perfused rat pancreas but greatly reduced somatostatinotropic activity in the isolated perfused rat stomach. The site responsible for insulinotropic activity apparently lies between residues 19 and 30 of GIP.

ACTH (3-24) (human, bovine, mouse, ovine, porcine, rabbit, rat), the fragment spanning amino acids 3-24 of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), serves as a research tool in studying a range of illnesses, such as cancer, immune diseases, and cardiovascular disease [1].

Parathyroid Hormone (1-34), bovine TFA, a potent agonist of the parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor, elevates calcium and inorganic phosphate levels in vivo. This compound is employed in osteoporosis research [1].

Potent endogenous NPFF receptor agonist (EC50 values are 0.0011 and 29 nM for NPFF2 and NPFF1, respectively). Attenuates contractile function of isolated rat and rabbit cardiac myocytes. Reduces heart rate, stroke volume, ejection fraction and cardiac out

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (1-37), human is a highly potent agonist of the GLP-1 receptor.Pancreatic hormone synthesized by post-translational processing of proglucagon. Unlike truncated forms of GLP-1, it has no effect on food intake in rats and does not en

Galanin (1-30), human is a 30-amino acid neuropeptide, and acts as an agonist of GalR1 and GalR2 receptors, with Kis of both 1 nM. Endogenous peptide with multiple endocrine, metabolic and behavioral effects. Has been shown to have an action on intestinal

GLP-2(1-33) (human) is an enteroendocrine hormone which stimulates the growth of the intestinal epithelium.

(Met(O)27)-Glucagon (1-29) (human, rat, porcine) is a modified version of glucagon that exhibits the same maximum glucose-synthesizing activity in rat hepatocytes as its native counterpart. However, its reduced potency indicates the importance of methionine in glucagon's attachment to hepatic receptors [1].

Angiotensin II is a potent direct vasoconstrictor, causing arteries and veins to constrict, so leading to an increase in blood pressure. Angiotensin also potentiates the release of norepinephrine by a direct action on postganglionic sympathetic fibers.

PTH-Related Protein (1-37) (human, mouse, rat) is a peptide analog of parathyroid-hormone-related protein (pTHrP), which plays a role in the physiological regulation of bone formation [1].

Glucagon (22-29) acts as a partial agonist of Glucagon (19–29) and independently inhibits the calcium (Ca2+) pump in liver plasma membranes without activating adenylate cyclase [1] [2].