L-(+)-Arabinose selectively inhibits intestinal sucrase activity in a non-competitive manner, inhibiting glucose elevation caused by sucrose intake.

D-mannoheptose is the main non-structural carbohydrate in avocado. D-mannoheptose is a specific inhibitor of D-glucose phosphorylation. D-mannoheptose can prevent the release of insulin and the utilization of carbohydrates in rats.

Sinapinic Acid (Synapoic acid) protects the rat liver from CCl4-induced inflammation, most likely by acting as a free radical scavenger and modulator of NF-κB p65 activation and proinflammatory cytokine expression. Sinapic acid with antioxidant role protects cardiac cells and its functions from I/R induced oxidative stress. Sinapic acid is a potentially useful agent for the protection against liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Sinapic acid prevents the alterations in the levels of lipids and lipoproteins by virtue of its anti-lipidaemic effect in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarcted rats. Sinapic acid ameliorates hyperglycemia through PLC-PKC signals to enhance the glucose utilization in diabetic rats.