gly-phe-arg

Gly-Phe-Arg is a highly potent synthetic tripeptide that mimics the pumping pheromone of the mud-crab.

Gly-Phe-Arg acetate is a superpotent synthetic tripeptide mimics of the mud-crab pumping pheromone.

Cyclo(Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Val) is an integrin αvβ3 inhibitor with antitumor properties, utilized in the research of acute myeloid leukemia [1].

Cyclo(Phe-Ala-Gly-Arg-Arg-Arg-Gly-AEEAc) is a potential nonhormonal male contraceptive that functions through the inhibition of GRTH/DDX25 phosphorylation.

Cys-Arg-Gly-Asp-Phe-Pro-Ala-Ser-Ser-Cys (Disulfide bridge: Cys1-Cys10), a decapeptide with a cyclic RGD active sequence, acts as an Integrin αIIbβ3 antagonist, effectively inhibiting platelet adhesion and proMMP-13 adhesion [1].

Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Val (TFA) has anti-tumor activity and is an inhibitor of integrin αvβ3.

Cyclo(Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Cys) TFA (Cyclo RGDfC) TFA, a cyclic RGD peptide, displays a high affinity for αvβ3 integrin, effectively disrupting cell-integrin interactions. It suppresses pluripotent marker expression in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and reduces the tumorigenic capability of mESCs in vivo, making it valuable in tumor research [1].

Boc-Gly-Gly-Phe-Gly-OH acetate (GGFG acetate) is a self-assembly of N- and C-protected tetrapeptide.

Z-Gly-Gly-Arg-AMC TFA (66216-78-2 free base) is a thrombin-specific fluorogenic substrate for testing thrombin generation in PRP and platelet-poor plasma (PPP).

Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser acetate is an integrin binding sequence that directly and specifically bind pro-caspase-8, pro-caspase-9 and pro-caspase-3, while it does not bind pro-caspase-1. Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser acetate inhibits integrin receptor function.

Phe-Met-Arg-Phe Like Peptide acetate (Pqdpflrfamide acetate) is a FMRF-like peptide from visceral and somatic muscles of the snail Helix aspersa. FMRF (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe) is a neuropeptide peptide consisting of 4 amino acid residues.

H-D-Phe-Pip-Arg-pNA dihydrochloride (S-2238 dihydrochloride), a chromogenic substrate, mimics the N-terminal fragment of the A alpha chain of fibrinogen, the native substrate of thrombin. Specifically designed for thrombin detection, H-D-Phe-Pip-Arg-pNA dihydrochloride is employed for the quantification of antithrombin-heparin cofactor (AT-III). The AT-III assay utilizing this substrate is characterized by its sensitivity, accuracy, and ease of implementation.

Arg-Gly-Glu-Ser acetate is a RGD related peptide that is a control for the RGDS activity of fibrinogen binding to activated platelets.

Gly-Phe β-naphthylamide acetate is the substrate of Cathepsin C and can be used for research on the function of cathepsin C, intralysosomal hydrolysis and lysosomal membrane permeability.

Arg-Gly-Asp-Cys acetate inhibits platelet aggregation and fibrinogen binding. Arg-Gly-Asp-Cys acetate is the binding motif of fibronectin to cell adhesion molecules.

Arg-Gly-Asp TFA (99896-85-2(free base)) (RGD Trifluoroacetate) is a tripeptide that effectively triggers cell adhesion, addresses certain cell lines and elicits specific cell responses; binds to integrins.

Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (GRGDS) acetate is a cell binding protein domain derived from the cell-binding region of fibronectin.

Phe-Met-Arg-Phe, amide acetate dose dependently (ED50=23 nM) activates a K+ current in the peptidergic caudodorsal neurons. This peptide appears to localize with neuropeptide Y in some regions of the brain.

pGlu-Gln-Arg-Leu-Gly-Asn-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val is a peptides

Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser is an integrin-binding sequence that inhibits integrin receptor function. It decreases systemic inflammation via inhibition of collagen-triggered activation of leukocytes and attenuates expression of inflammatory cytokines, MMP-9, and iNOS

Z-Gly-Pro-Phe-Leu-CHO (Z-GPFL-CHO) is a tetrapeptide aldehyde serving as a selective and potent proteasome inhibitor, demonstrating inhibition constants (Ki) of 1.5 µM, 2.3 µM, and 40.5 µM for branched-chain amino acid-preferred, small neutral amino acid-preferred, and chymotrypsin-like activities, respectively, and an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 3.1 µM for peptidyl-glutamyl peptide hydrolyzing activity [1].

Cys-Asp-Pro-Gly-Tyr-Ile-Gly-Ser-Arg-NH2 is a linear peptide derived from the laminin B1 chain, which disrupts tumor cell adherence and invasion into the basement membrane and exhibits anti-angiogenic properties [1].

Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (TFA) is an integrin binding sequence that inhibits integrin receptor function.

N-CBZ-Phe-Arg-AMC (Z-FR-AMC) is a substrate for serine proteases, including cathepsins, kallikrein and plasmin. Absorption/emission of substrate = 330/390 nm (weak fluorescence); absorption/emission of end product (AMC) = 342/441 nm (strong fluorescence).

Suc-Ile-Glu(γ-pip)-Gly-Arg-pNA hydrochloride is a chromogenic substrate specifically designed for factor Xa.

FITC-Ahx-Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro, also known as FITC-linked GRGDSP, is a fluorescent peptide with integrin inhibitory properties. This compound impedes tumor cell adherence to endothelial blood vessel cells, potentially restricting metastasis [1].

H-Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro-NH2 is a tetrapeptide that replicates the N-terminal Gly-Pro-Arg sequence in the alpha (α) chain of fibrin and inhibits its polymerization [1].

[Arg-15,-20,-21, Leu17]-PACAP-Gly-Lys-Arg-NH2 (BM-PACAP) is a synthetic analogue of PACAP 1-27 that exhibits a relaxant effect [1].

Z-Gly-Gly-Arg-AMC is a specific fluorogenic substrate utilized for assessing thrombin generation in Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) and Platelet-Poor Plasma (PPP), with a particular focus on thrombin activity.

Phe-met-arg-phe amide trifluoroacetate is an activator of K+ current with an ED50 of 23nm on the fundus nerve.

Boc-Gly-Gly-Phe-Gly-OH TFA is a self-assembly of N-protected and C-protected tetrapeptides and is a protease cleaved connector for antibody-drug binding (ADC).

Tos-Gly-Pro-Arg-ANBA-IPA is a chromogenic peptide substrate. Tos-Gly-Pro-Arg-ANBA-IPA is used for the rapid and specific photometric assay of recombinant hirudin (r-hirudin).

Lys-Phe-Glu-Arg-Gln promotes cytosolic protein degradation in serum-deprived human diploid fibroblasts [1].

Arg-gly-glu -Ser(TFA) is a RGD related polypeptide that controls the inhibition of fibrinogen binding to activated platelets by RGDS.

Mc-Gly-Gly-Phe-Gly-PAB-OH, also known as Mc-GGFG-PAB-OH, serves as a cleavable ADC linker exclusively employed in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs).

Met-Arg-Phe-Ala, a peptide, serves as a potent competitive inhibitor of enkephalin-generating endopeptidase (EGE) and is utilized in neurological disease research [1].

Gly-Gly-Arg, a tripeptide and pumping pheromone, is released from hatching eggs, stimulating pleopod pumping activity in subtidal crustaceans at a threshold concentration of 10 nM and eliciting a maximum response rate of 58.3%. Additionally, this compound plays a role in controlling larval release in these organisms [1].

Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (GRGDS) is a cell binding protein domain derived from the cell-binding region of fibronectin. Osteopontin uses this motif for cell adhesion.

S 2238 is a chromogenic substrate for thrombin that is used in amidolytic assay.

Z-Gly-Gly-Arg-AFC, also known as a plasminogen activator acrosine substrate with fluorescence, is a biologically active peptide.

Cys-Gly-Tyr-Gly-Pro-Lys-Lys-Lys-Arg-Lys-Val-Gly-Gly is a 13-mer synthetic peptide with a sequence homologous to seven amino acids of the SV40 T antigen, known for its capability to induce nuclear transport [1].

Arg-Gly-Asp-Cys is the binding motif of fibronectin and cell adhesion molecules, which can inhibit platelet aggregation and fibrinogen binding.

[Leu144,Arg147]-PLP (139-151) is a mutated fragment of the myelin proteolipid protein (PLP), featuring substitutions of tryptophan to leucine and histidine to arginine at positions 144 and 147, respectively. Immunizing mice with this peptide (50 µg) mixed in complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) elevates IL-4 levels in the spleen. While it suppresses Th1 cell activation in vitro, it does not do so in vivo; instead, it promotes the development of regulatory T cells. Preimmunization with [Leu144, Arg147]-PLP (139-151) postpones the onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) triggered by encephalitogenic peptides from PLP (178-191), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) (92-106), or myelin basic protein (MBP) in mice.

Kisspeptin-10, a neuropeptide present in the brains, ovaries, and testes of zebrafish, plays a critical role in gonadal development and steroid expression. At a concentration of 10 ng/ml, it enhances the mRNA levels for the luteinizing hormone (Lh) receptor and both progestin receptor a (Pra) and Prb in zebrafish ovarian follicles. In female goldfish, doses of 0.1 and 1 µg/g of Kisspeptin-10 elevate serum levels of luteinizing hormone, with no similar effect observed in male goldfish.

LIH383 is a peptide agonist specifically designed to activate the chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 7 (CXCR7), which functions both as a chemokine and an opioid peptide scavenger receptor. Demonstrating a high selectivity, LIH383 activates CXCR7 with an effective concentration (EC50) of 0.61 nM, showing significantly lower affinity towards μ-, δ-, and κ-opioid receptors, as well as the nociceptin opioid peptide (NOP) receptor, even at concentrations of 3 µM in β-arrestin recruitment assays. Furthermore, at a concentration of 3 µM, LIH383 effectively inhibits the uptake of opioid peptides by CXCR7, a process normally induced by dynorphin A, a non-selective opioid receptor agonist, in U87-ACKR3 cells.

P-113 is a peptide with antimicrobial activity.

Locustamyotropin is a novel peptide isolated from Leucophae maderae; stimulates the spontaneous contractions of the hindgut of Leucophaea maderae.

R 715, a bradykinin B1 receptor antagonist, inhibits contractions in isolated human umbilical cords that express bradykinin B1 receptors (pA2 = 8.49). When administered at doses of 200, 400, and 600 µg/kg, R 715 enhances latency to tail withdrawal in the tail-flick test for diabetic neuropathy mouse models induced by streptozotocin (STZ), signaling potential analgesic properties. Furthermore, at a 1 mg/kg per day dosage, it mitigates symptoms in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by MOG35-55 antigen peptide, such as reducing hind limb weakness and paralysis, improving gait symmetry, and decreasing spinal inflammation, neuron demyelination, and lesion monocyte invasion. Additionally, R 715 at 0.01 nmol/animal, administered intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.), lowers mean arterial blood pressure and increases heart rate in spontaneously hypertensive rats, indicating cardiovascular effects.

Pro-Adrenomedullin(153-185),human, (C143H224N42O43), a peptide with the sequence H2N-SLPEAGPGRTLVSSKPQAHGAPAPPSGSAPHFL-OH, MW= 3219.6. Adrenomedullin (AM) is a ubiquitously expressed peptide initially isolated from phaechromyctoma in 19931. AM was initially identified as a vasodilator, some have cited this as the most potent endogenous vasodilatory peptide found in the body2. Differences in opinion regarding the ability of AM to relax vascular tone arises from the differences in the model system used3. Other effects of AM include increasing the tolerance of cells to oxidative stress and hypoxic injury and angiogenesis. AM is seen as a positive influence in diseases such as hypertension, myocardial infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other cardiovascular diseases, whereas it can be seen as a negative factor in potentiating the potential of cancerous cells to extend their blood supply and cause cell proliferation.

Cyclo(Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro) (c(GRGDSP)) is an RGD-containing inhibitory peptide and a synthetic α5β1 integrin ligand. It competitively inhibits the binding of invasin (Inv) to α5β1 integrin on Caco-2 cells [1].