Isomucronulatol 7-O-glucoside is a biologically active isoflavone isolated from Astragalus membranaceus.

Genistin (Genistoside) is the major isoflavonoid of soybeans and soy products.It has been reported to possess various therapeutic effects, including anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities

Genistein (NPI 031L) is an isoflavonoid derived from soy products. It inhibits protein-tyrosine kinase and topoisomerase-II (DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE II), with antineoplastic and antitumor activities.

Puerarin (Kakonein), also known as Kakonein, is a member of the class of compounds known as isoflavonoid C-glycosides. It is a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist.

Mbamiloside A (compound 4), an isoflavonoid derivative, is a natural product isolated from the stem heartwood of Lophira alata [1].

Piscerygenin (compound 4), an isoflavonoid naturally derived, can be isolated from the root bark of Piscidia erythrina [1].

Pisatin is an isoflavonoid phytoalexin synthesized by pea (Pisum sativum L.).

(+)-Medicarpin, a pterocarpan, is an isoflavonoid compound derived from multiple medicinal plant species such as Sophora japonica, Zollernia paraensis, Platymiscium yucatamun, Machaerium aristulatum, and Platymiscium floribundum. It exhibits potent inhibition of osteoclastogenesis and facilitates bone healing and increased bone mass through osteoblast differentiation, which is mediated by the estrogen receptor (ER) β.

Colutehydroquinone is an antifungal isoflavonoid from Colutea arborescens.

Dichotomitin is an natural isoflavonoid isolated from the rhizomes of Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC.

2'-Hydroxydaidzein is an isoflavonoid phytonutrient found in plant species, when a natural compound. 2'-Hydroxydaidzein has antioxidant activity, driven mainly by o-hydrogen bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE) and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) mechanisms. 2'-Hydroxydaidzein inhibits chemical mediators in inflammatory cells and may be of value in the treatment and prevention of inflammatory diseases associated with excessive chemical mediator production. It may have a role in the treatment and prevention of central and peripheral inflammatory diseases associated with excessive chemical mediator production. 2'-Hydroxydaidzein inhibited the release of neutrophils and formyl-Met-Leu-Phe/cytochalasin B (fMLP/CB) in rats, with IC(50) values of 2.8+/-0.1 and 5.9+/-1.4 microM, respectively.

(±)-Equol ((R,S)-Equol) is a non-steroidal estrogen produced from the metabolism of the isoflavonoid phytoestrogen daidzen by human intestinal microflora. The estrogen receptor (ER) agonist activity of the naturally occurring (S)-enantiomer (EC50 = 85 and 65 nM for human ERα and ERβ, respectively) is similar to that of genistein but exceeds that of daidzein. (±)-Equol preferentially binds ERβ (Ki = 0.73 nM) and demonstrates approximately 9-fold lower affinity for ERα (Ki = 6.41 nM). (±)-Equol is also a potent antagonist of dihydrotestosterone, which has important implications for prostate cancer and other androgen-mediated pathologies.

(-)-(S)-Equol (4',7-Dihydroxyisoflavan) is an orally bioavailable, non-steroidal estrogen naturally produced by the metabolism of the isoflavonoid daidzein by human intestinal microflora, with potential chemoprotective and estrogen receptor (ER) modulating activities. S-equol preferentially binds to and activates the beta isoform of ER in certain target tissues, while having an antagonistic effect in other tissues. This modulates the expression of ER-responsive genes in a tissue-specific manner. This agent may increase bone mineral density, affect vasomotor symptoms, and may decrease the proliferation rate of susceptible cancer cells. In addition, this agent interferes with the activity of enzymes involved in steroid biosynthesis. S-equol inhibits dihydrotestosterone (DHT) production and may inhibit the proliferation of androgen-driven prostate cancer. S-equol is the biologically active enantiomer while R-equol is essentially inactive and has a weak affinity for alpha-ER.