lactic acid

Lactic acid (2-hydroxypropanoic acid) is a product of glycolysis and is widely found in nature.Lactic acid is produced in the body during hypoxia in contracted skeletal muscle and can be removed under fully aerobic conditions.Lactic acid can be used as a hemodynamic indicator in critically ill patients.Lactic acid has antitumor activity.

L-Lactic acid ((S)-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid) is a natural product produced by the anaerobic glycolysis of pyruvic acid. L-Lactic acid is a sensitive indicator of tissue hypoxia and can be used as a hemodynamic indicator in critically ill patients.

D-(-)-Lactic acid sodium (Sodium D-lactate) is an organic acid. It is a chiral molecule, consisting of two optical isomers, L-lactic acid and D-lactic acid, with the L-isomer being the most common in living organisms. D-(-)-Lactic acid sodium also is a microbial metabolite.

D-(-)-Lactic acid is a normal intermediate in sugar fermentation (oxidation, metabolism). It is identified as a competitive inhibitor of ProDH (proline dehydrogenase) in plants.

(S)-3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxypropionic acid ((S)-3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)lactic acid) (compound 1) is a metabolite found in the culture medium of Leuconostoc mesenteroides, exhibiting significant DPPH radical-scavenging and antioxidative activities.

Danshensu has antioxidant activity, can enhance HO-1 expression to suppress 6-OHDA-induced oxidative damage via PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathways.

4-Vinylphenol is the metabolite of p-coumaric and ferulic acid by lactic acid bacteria in wine found in Hedyotis diffusa Willd. 4-Vinylphenol induces apoptosis in vivo.

Sodium dichloroacetate (BCA) , a specific inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) with IC50 values of 183 and 80 μM for PDK2 and PDK4 respectively, has been shown to derepress a mitochondrial potassium-ion channel axis, trigger apoptosis in cancer cells, and inhibit tumor growth.

S-Dihydrodaidzein ((3S)-7-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one) is an enantiomer of dihydrodaidzein which is involved in equol biosynthesis in a lactic acid bacterium, Lactococcus sp. strain.

Pyruvic aldehyde (2-Oxopropanal) is a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound that can be converted to lactic acid by evolution from DHA and GLA.

Stachyose hydrate is a natual product,it highly promotes proliferation of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) by inducing LAB to produce more α-galactosidase to hydrolyze stachyose.

2-Amino-3-carboxy-1,4-naphthoquinone is an electron transfer mediator that can alter glucose metabolism in homofermentative lactic acid bacteria. It also serves as a novel growth stimulator for bifidobacteria, influencing their end-product profile through the mediated oxidation of NAD(P)H.

N-Lactoyl-Phenylalanine (Lac-Phe) is a peptide coupling of lactic acid and phenylalanine, one of the metabolites in acute exercise, which can be used in the study of obesity and metabolism-related diseases.

1. Theaflavine-3,3'-digallate (theaflavin digallate) and lactic acid together could reduce herpes simplex virus transmission.