nhc

NHC-triphosphate tetrasodium, the active phosphorylated intracellular metabolite of β-d-N4-Hydroxycytidine (NHC) in its triphosphate form, functions as a weak alternative substrate for viral polymerase, allowing its incorporation into HCV replicon RNA.

NHC-triphosphate triammonium is an active phosphorylated intracellular metabolite of β-d-N4-Hydroxycytidine (NHC) as a triphosphate form[1]. NHC-triphosphate triammonium is a weak alternative substrate for the viral polymerase and can be incorporated into HCV replicon RNA[1][2]. In an intracellular metabolism assay, HCV replicon cells are treated with 10 μM 3H-labeled NHC, and intracellular nucleotide levels are determined after 1, 2 and 8 hours incubations. NHC is rapidly convered into the mono-, di-, and triphosphate forms, and NHC-TP reaches up to 71.12 pM after 8 hours[1].NHC-triphosphate triammonium (NHC-TP) (5-40 μM) absence leads to full-length polymerization products, it can be a weak alternative substrate. In addition, incorporation of NHC-TP instead of CTP increases the molecular weight of the polymerization product by 16 (one extra oxygen) for each event and an obvious electrophoretic shift is observed in cell-free HCV NS5B polymerization reactions[1].Huh-7 cells are incubated with (10-50 μM; 4 h) NHC or a McGuigan phosphoramidate prodrug of NHC. Intracellular levels of the parental compounds and phosphorylated metabolites are measured using LC-MS/MS. Small amounts of NHC-monophosphate (MP) and NHC-diphosphate (DP) can be observed, while NHC-triphosphate triammonium remains the most abundant metabolite[2].NHC-triphosphate triammonium (NHC-TP) metabolite may directly target the viral polymerase and behave as a nonobligate chain terminator. It plays a prominent role in inhibiting early negative-strand RNA synthesis, either through chain termination or mutagenesis, which may in turn interfere with correct replicase complex formation. [1]. Stuyver LJ,et al. Ribonucleoside analogue that blocks replication of bovine viral diarrhea and hepatitis C viruses in culture.Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003 Jan;47(1):244-54. [2]. Maryam Ehteshami, et al. Characterization of β-d- N4-Hydroxycytidine as a Novel Inhibitor of Chikungunya Virus.

NHC-diphosphate, a phosphorylated intracellular metabolite of β-d-N4-Hydroxycytidine (NHC) in its diphosphate form[1], serves as a potent antiviral agent. As a pyrimidine ribonucleoside, NHC effectively counters the replication of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV)[1].

NHC-triphosphate is a weak alternative substrate for the viral polymerase and changes the mobility of the product in polyacrylamide electrophoresis gels.

EIDD-1931 (Beta-d-N4-hydroxycytidine) is a ribonucleoside analog with antiviral activity that inhibits the replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus [SARS-CoV] in Vero 76 cells, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus [MERS-CoV] in Calu-3 2B4 cells, and SARS-CoV-2 in Vero cells (IC50s = 0.1, 0.15, and 0.3 μM, respectively).

Tetrazine-Ph-NHCO-C3-NHS ester is a PEG-derived linker used for PROTAC synthesis.

MC-AAA-NHCH2OCH2COOH (compound 20) is a cleavable antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) linker primarily used in the synthesis of ADCs.

Tetrazine-Ph-NHCO-PEG4-NH-Boc is a PEGylated PROTAC linker suitable for PROTAC synthesis [1].

DBCO-NHCO-PEG5-NHS ester is a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based linker used in the synthesis of PROTACs [1].

DBCO-NHCO-PEG4-NH-Boc is a cleavable ADC linker employed in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) [1].

DBCO-NHCO-PEG13-NHS ester is a pegylated PROteolysis-TArgeting Chimera (PROTAC) linker, serving as a valuable tool for PROTAC synthesis [1].

DBCO-NHCO-PEG6-maleimide is a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based linker compound used in the synthesis of proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs)[1].

DBCO-NHCO-PEG3-Fmoc is a PEG-based linker for PROTACs that joins two essential ligands, crucial for forming PROTAC molecules, enabling selective protein degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system within cells.

DBCO-NHCO-PEG2-Biotin is a PEG-based linker for PROTACs, facilitating the formation of PROTAC molecules by joining two essential ligands. This linker enables selective protein degradation by utilizing the ubiquitin-proteasome system within cells.

DBCO-NHCO-PEG2-CH2COOH is a PEG-based linker for PROTACs that connects two essential ligands, facilitating selective protein degradation by utilizing the ubiquitin-proteasome system within cells.

Tetrazine-Ph-NHCO-PEG6-NH-Boc is a PEG-based PROTAC linker used for PROTAC synthesis [1].

Tetrazine-Ph-NHCO-PEG4-alkyne is a PEG4-based linker used in PROTACs synthesis [1].

DBCO-NHCO-PEG12-amine is a PEG-based linker for PROTACs that joins two essential ligands, crucial for forming PROTAC molecules, and enables selective protein degradation by leveraging the ubiquitin-proteasome system (within cells).

DBCO-NHCO-C4-NHS ester, an alkyl chain-derived PROTAC linker, is used for PROTAC synthesis[1].

DBCO-NHCO-PEG6-amine is a PEG-based linker used in PROTACs that joins two essential ligands for PROTAC molecule formation, enabling selective protein degradation by leveraging the ubiquitin-proteasome system within cells.

DBCO-NHCO-S-S-NHS ester is a cleavable linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs)[1].

DBCO-NHCO-PEG2-amine is a PEG-based linker for PROTACs that joins two essential ligands, enabling selective protein degradation by leveraging the ubiquitin-proteasome system within cells.

DBCO-NHCO-PEG3-acid, a PEG-based linker for PROTACs, joins two essential ligands, facilitating the formation of PROTAC molecules and enabling selective protein degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system within cells.

Tetrazine-Ph-NHCO-PEG3-alcohol is a polyethylene glycol (PEG) derived linker designed for synthesizing proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs)[1].

DBCO-Amide-PEG5-acid is a non-cleavable ADC linker utilized in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs)[1].

Boc-NHCH2CH2-PEG1-azide is a PEG-based linker for PROTACs, facilitating the conjugation of two essential ligands crucial for PROTAC molecule formation. This linker enables selective protein degradation by utilizing the ubiquitin-proteasome system within cells.

DBCO-NHCO-PEG7-acid is a PEG-based linker for PROTACs, connecting two essential ligands vital for forming PROTAC molecules and enabling selective protein degradation by utilizing the ubiquitin-proteasome system within cells.

DBCO-NHCO-PEG13-acid is a PEG-based linker for PROTACs, joining two essential ligands crucial for forming PROTAC molecules. This linker enables selective protein degradation by leveraging the ubiquitin-proteasome system within cells.

DBCO-NHCO-PEG4-NHS ester ester is a MMP-2- and cathepsin B- (CatB) cleavable ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs)[1].

DBCO-NHCO-PEG12-biotin is a PEG-based linker for PROTACs that connects two essential ligands critical for forming PROTAC molecules, facilitating selective protein degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system within cells.

MC-AAA-NHCH2OCH2COO-7-aminomethyl-10-methyl-11-fluoro camptothecin (compound 21a) is a camptothecin payload used in the synthesis of a camptothecin antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) by conjugating it to a monoclonal antibody (mAb).

DBCO-NHCO-PEG12-maleimide is a PEG-based PROTAC linker used in the synthesis of PROTACs [1].

DBCO-NHCO-PEG4-amine is a cleavable ADC linker used to conjugate MMAE and antibody (e.g., DBCO-VCpAB MMAE and DBCO-TRX MMAE with EC50s of 280 nM and 22 nM in SKBR3 cells, respectively) [1].

DBCO-NHCO-PEG2-maleimide is a polyethylene glycol (PEG) derived PROTAC linker utilized in PROTAC synthesis [1].

DBCO-NHCO-PEG6-Biotin is a PEG-based linker for PROTACs that connects two essential ligands, facilitating the creation of PROTAC molecules. This linker promotes selective protein degradation by utilizing the ubiquitin-proteasome system [within cells].

DBCO-NHCO-PEG2-NHS ester, a PEG-based PROTAC linker, enables the synthesis of PROTACs[1].

AuM1Phe, an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) metal complex, inhibits both human topoisomerase I activity and actin polymerization. It also impedes the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, exhibiting an IC50 value of 1.2 μM [1].

ROS-ERS inducer 1, a type II immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducer, is a Pt(II)-N-heterocyclic carbene (Pt(II)-NHC) complex derived from 4,5-diarylimidazole. It induces endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) along with reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, leading to the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in HCC cells, showcasing significantly higher anticancer activities than Cisplatin [1].