oils

Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil, derived from the leaves of Melaleuca alternifolia, exhibits bactericidal and anti-inflammatory properties.

Oleic acid (Glycon Wo) is a natural product, a common monounsaturated fatty acid found in a variety of animal and vegetable fats and oils. Palmitic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator.

Grape Seed Extract (Grape Seed P.E.) is exudate from seeds of the grape plant Vitis vinifera, composed of oils and secondary plant metabolites (BIOFLAVONOIDS and polyphenols) credited with important medicinal properties.

3-Methyl-2-buten-1-ol (gamma-dimethylallylalcohol) is found in blackcurrant, ylang-ylang, hop oils, orange peel oil, and various fruits such as orange, lemon, lime, grape, pineapple, purple passion fruit, and loganberry. Prenol is a flavoring ingredient.

Arachidic acid (Icosanoic Acid) is a saturated fatty acid found naturally in fish and vegetable oils (such as those from peanuts). It can also be formed by the hydrogenation of arachidonic acid. Diets rich in saturated fatty acids, such as arachidic acid, are known to increase serum low-density lipoproteins resulting in high blood cholesterol levels.

Cottonseed oil, a cooking oil extracted from the seeds of cotton plants, has been considered the most insecticidal of vegetable oils.

Linalyl Acetate is a natural product

Linoleic acid (9,12-octadecadienoic acid) is a naturally occurring polyunsaturated fatty acid found in animal and vegetable oils. Linoleic acid is an essential fatty acid that is part of membrane phospholipids.

α-Linolenic acid (Alpha-Linolenic Acid) is an essential fatty acid belonging to the omega-3 fatty acids group. It is highly concentrated in certain plant oils and has been reported to inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandin resulting in reduced inflammation and prevention of certain chronic diseases.

2-Methylpyrazine, also known as Methylpyrazine, is an alkylpyrazine compound detectable in the oils of roasted red pepper seeds.

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, a compound consisting of triglycerides and esters derived from fractionated vegetable oil, and fatty acids from coconut and palm kernel oils, serves as a food additive and is utilized in cosmetics. This substance demonstrates outstanding oxidation stability.

Xanthoxylin (Xanthoxyline) is a borneol and camphor tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as fats and oils, herbs and spices, pomegranate, and sweet orange. Derivatives of Xanthoxylin have antispasmodic activity.

Cuminaldehyde (Cuminal) is a natural aldehyde with inhibitory effect on alpha-synuclein fibrillation and cytotoxicity. Cuminaldehyde shows anticancer activity,with a pleasant smell and contributes to the aroma of essential oils.

α-Terpinyl acetate is a natural compound found in several essential oils, is a flavouring agent.

Elaidic acid (trans-Oleic Acid) is the 9-trans isomer of oleic acid. It is a monounsaturated trans-fatty acid which can be found in partially hydrogenated cooking oils. In human platelets incubated with arachidonic acid, elaidic acid inhibits HHT and HETE formation while inducing prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis.

Trans-Anethole ((E)-Anethole) , an organic compound, is widely served as a condiment substance. It is a derivative of phenylpropene, a type of aromatic compound that exists widely in essential oils.

Thymol, also known as Pseudoaspidin, is a principal monoterpene phenol found in the essential oils of plants from the Lamiaceae family, along with several other families including Verbenaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Ranunculaceae, and Apiaceae. This compound exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antifungal properties.

(-)-Menthol (Levomenthol) is a levo isomer of menthol, an organic compound made synthetically or obtained from peppermint or mint oils with flavoring and local anesthetic properties. When added to pharmaceuticals and foods, menthol functions as a fortifier for peppermint flavors. It also has a counterirritant effect on skin and mucous membranes, thereby producing a local analgesic or anesthetic effect.

Docosanoic acid (Behenic Acid) is a long-chain saturated fatty acid. It has been found in peanut and M. oleifera seed oils.

1. Methyl eugenol (4-allylveratrole) is a natural constituent of the essential oils of a number of plants widely used in foodstuffs as flavouring agents, in view of the carcinogenic potential of ME, the need to check its presence in food products with effective analytical methods. 2. Methyleugenol has insecticidal properties. 3. Methyleugenol can inhibit the production of nitric oxide and decreased the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, it down-regulates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the ischemic brain as well as in immunostimulated mixed glial cells; indicates that methyleugenol could be useful for the treatment of ischemia/inflammation-related diseases. 4. Methyleugenol has cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. 5. Intravenous (i.v.) treatment with methyleugenol (ME) in either anesthetized or conscious rats elicits hypotension, an effect that seems related to an active vascular relaxation rather than withdrawal of sympathetic tone. 6. Methyleugenol has antinociceptive effect on the second phase of formalin-induced pain, may be due to the inhibition of N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor-mediated hyperalgesia via GABA(A) receptors. 7. Methyleugenol has elaxant and antispasmodic actions on guinea-pig isolated ileum.

Estragole (4-Allylanisole) is found in allspice,and is a constituent of many essential oils. Estragole is a flavouring agent.

1-Dodecanol, an endogenous metabolite and saturated fatty alcohol derived from coconut oil fatty acids, is characterized by a floral odor. It is utilized in detergents, Lepidopteran pheromone sex attractant, lubricating oils, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals.

Nerol (Neryl alcohol) is a monoterpene found in many essential oils, such as lemon balm and hop.Nerol can lessened the severity of ouabain-triggered arrhythmias in mammalian heart.

Apigenin (NSC 83244) is an aromatic oil extracted from the flowers or leaves of the daisy-like plants. Extracts, oils and teas made from chamomile are used for its soothing qualities as a sedative, mild analgesic and sleep medication. Apigenin has not been implicated in causing serum enzyme elevations or clinically apparent liver injury.

(-)-Cedrene (Alpha-Cedrene) is a sesquiterpene from cedar oil that has anti-leukemia, antibacterial and anti-obesity properties.

Propyl gallate (Gallic acid propyl esterZ) is an antioxidant used in foods especially animal fats and vegetable oils, also in a wide variety of cosmetics and beauty care products.

α-Terpinene is a terpenoid,has acaricidal, antiprotozoal, and antioxidant properties

Elemicin (Elemicine) is a constituent of several plant species' essential oils with anticholinergic effects in human.

Squalane is a lipid found in some fish oils (especially shark liver oil) and some vegetable oils. It has anticancer and antioxidant properties and is used as a skin moisturizer and emollient.

Lauric Acid (Dodecylic acid),which is found naturally in various plant and animal fats and oils, is a saturated medium-chain fatty acid with a 12-carbon backbone. It is a major component of coconut oil and palm kernel oil.

Benzyl acetate, a constituent of Jasmine, as well as the essential oils of ylang-ylang and neroli.

Stigmasterol (Stigmasterin) is found in the fats and oils of soybean, calabar bean and rape seed, as well as several other vegetables, legumes, nuts, seeds, and unpasteurized milk. Stigmasterol has been focused on the cholesterol-lowering activity and is valued as an anti-stiffness factor in the therapy of rheumatic diseases.

1. Linalool (Linalol), a natural compound of the essential oils, has been shown to have antinociceptive, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. 2. Linalool was protected against LPS/GalN-induced liver injury through induction of antioxidant defense via Nrf2 activating and reduction inflammatory response via NF-κB inhibition. 3. Linalool biosynthesis and accumulation might be involved in plant defense against bacterial and fungal pathogens and be associated with field resistance to citrus canker. 4. Linalool significantly increased the expression of antioxidant enzymes regulated by Nrf-2 and diminished lung tissue levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6.

Menthol (DL-Menthol) is an organic compound made synthetically or obtained from peppermint or mint oils with flavoring and local anesthetic properties.

Octyl acetate (Acetic acid octyl ester) is the acetate ester of octan-1-ol. It has a role as a plant metabolite.Acetic acid octyl ester is present in citrus peel oils.

2,6,6-Trimethyl-2,4-cycloheptadien-1-one is a terpene compound found in many plants, including parsley, dill and celery. It is an important component of essential oils and has a variety of medicinal and pharmacological properties.

Scoparone (Aesculetin dimethyl ether) can be found in a number of food items such as sweet orange, wild celery, mandarin orange (clementine, tangerine), and lemon. It is found in the Chinese herb Artemisia scoparia and has been studied for its potential pharmacological properties including immunosuppression and vasorelaxation. Scoparone is found in anise. Scoparone is found in several citrus oils.

β-Phellandrene (p-mentha-1(7),2-diene) is found in allspice. beta-Phellandrene is widely distributed in essential oils

β-Damascone are a series of closely related chemical compounds that are components of a variety of essential oils. The damascones belong to a family of chemicals known as rose ketones, which also includes damascenones and ionones. beta-Damascone is a contributor to the aroma of roses, despite its relatively low concentration, and is an important fragrance chemical used in perfumery.

Gondoic acid (cis-11-Eicosenoicacid) (cis-11-Eicosenoic acid) is a monounsaturated long-chain fatty acid that can be found in various plant oils and nuts [1].

Bornyl acetate (Isobornyl acetate) has an anti-inflammatory effect. It is the volatile ingredient in some Chinese traditional herbs and numerous conifer oils.

Levomenol ((-)-α-BISABOLOL) is a sesquiterpene alcohol that has been found in the essential oils of several aromatic plants, with exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities.

Decanal dimethyl acetal is an aroma compound of fresh blackberries and is used in citrus oils.

(-)-Carveol ((-)-Carveol, mixture of isomers), mixture of isomers is a monocyclic monoterpenic alcohol, present in essential oils of plant species such as Cymbopogon giganteus, Illicium pachyphyllum and in spices such as Carum carvi (cumin).

Petroselinic acid (5-Heptadecylene-1-carboxylic acid) is a monounsaturated omega-12 fatty acid found naturally in plant and animal oils and fats.

D-ALPHA-TOCOTRIENOL, an isoform of vitamin E, is found in vegetables, fruits, seeds, grains, oils and nuts.

8,9-Epoxy-3-isobutyryloxy-10-(2-methylbutanoyl)thymol, a chemical component of essential oils from Telekia speciosa, exhibits significant antiproliferative activity against human cancer cell lines in vitro.

Hydroxyl-γ-isosanshool induces a numbing sensation. It is one of the major alkylamides in Z. bungeanum and Z. schinifolium oils.

Glycerol or glycerin is a colourless, odourless, viscous liquid that is sweet-tasting and mostly non-toxic. It is widely used in the food industry as a sweetener and humectant and in pharmaceutical formulations. Glycerol is an important component of trigl

2-Carene is a naturally occurring bicyclic monoterpene found in many essential oils such as pine, cedar and cypress. It has been found to have anti-inflammatory, antifungal and antibacterial activities, as well as antioxidant, antitumor and antiallergic activities, and neuroprotective, cardioprotective and hepatoprotective effects.